Racial and Ethnic Differences in Depression by Partner Status and the Presence of Children in the Household

Schwarz, Aviva G.; McVeigh, Katharine H.; Hoven, Christina W.; Kerker, Bonnie D.

doi:10.1016/j.whi.2012.07.006

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Depression severity varies among racial/ethnic groups, despite shared social challenges. In one recent study, Black single mothers who had one or more children (<18 years old) in the household were at no higher risk for depressive symptoms when unpartnered, whereas white and Hispanic mothers were at higher risk (Schwarz, McVeigh, Hoven, & Kerker, 2012). Parenting guidance offered as part of a depression intervention should be tailored to racial/ethnic differences as well as other relevant factors, such as how racial discrimination, family customs, and depressive symptoms affect a particular mother’s functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Symptoms and Compromised Parenting in Low-Income Mothers of Infants and Toddlers: Distal and Proximal Risks

et al. 2014

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Low-income mothers develop depressive symptoms at higher rates than the general population, adding to the existing risk that economic hardship places on their infants and toddlers. Emphasizing a few key intervention targets, an approach that is especially relevant to mothers when depressive symptoms compromise their energy and concentration, can improve interventions with populations facing adversity. The goal of this study was to identify contextual risk factors that significantly contributed to depressive symptoms and that, in combination with depressive symptoms, were associated with compromised parenting. Using baseline data from 251 ethnically diverse mothers from six Early Head Start programs in the Northeastern and Southeastern US, who were recruited for a clinical trial of an in-home intervention, Belsky's ecological framework of distal to proximal levels of influence was used to organize risk factors for depressive symptoms in hierarchical regression models. Under stress, mothers of toddlers reported more severe depressive symptoms than mothers of infants, supporting the need for depressive symptom screening and monitoring past the immediate postpartum period. Multivariate models revealed intervention targets that can focus depression prevention and intervention efforts, including helping mothers reduce chronic day-to-day stressors and conflicts with significant others, and to effectively handle challenging toddler behaviors, especially in the face of regional disciplinary norms. Presence of a live-in partner was linked to more effective parenting, regardless of participants' depressive symptom severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Symptoms and Compromised Parenting in Low-Income Mothers of Infants and Toddlers: Distal and Proximal Risks

et al. 2014

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“…Prior research also indicates that living with a partner serves as a protective factor against depression. Partner support diminishes the feeling of loneliness among Hispanic women and lessens the risk of depression, especially among women with children (Schwarz, McVeigh, Hoven, & Kerker, 2012). Spousal or partner support has been shown to lessen the stress related to family and work responsibilities among Hispanic women, regardless of other factors such as income or education (Fortner et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Determinants of Depression Among Hispanic Women

Oliveira

Cianelli

Gattamorta

et al. 2016

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc

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BACKGROUND Depression is the number one cause of disability in the world. Hispanic women are at a higher risk for depression than Caucasian and African American women. This is in part due to multiple social determinants of health that affect the individual, family, aggregates, and community. OBJECTIVE To investigate the social determinants of depression among Hispanic women in South Florida. DESIGN This is a secondary cross-sectional data analysis. A total of 280 Hispanic women from South Florida between 18 and 50 years of age were analyzed. RESULTS Depression is prevalent among Hispanic women in South Florida (37.5%). Education, health status, and living with partner were significant predictors of depression in the sample. CONCLUSION Development of a culturally tailored risk assessment tool that highlights the social determinants of depression in Hispanic women is essential, as it could be used as a standard practice in primary care and other appropriate settings.

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“…Another study reported no association between depression and parenthood in general, but positive associations with certain types of parenthood (for example, in single parents and parents of young children) (33). However, these associations might be modified by marital status – with single parents reporting more depressive symptoms – as well as by cultural and ethnic factors (33,34). Single mothers in particular suffer from high rates of depression and it has been suggested that this association is mediated by high levels of stress and lack of social support (35,36).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the association between family status and depression in the UK Biobank

Giannelis

Palmos

Hagenaars

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: We examined associations between family status (living with a spouse or partner, number of children) and lifetime depression. Methods: We used data from the UK Biobank, a large prospective study of middle-aged and older adults. Lifetime depression was assessed as part of a follow-up mental health questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between family status and depression. We included extensive adjustment for social, demographic and other potential confounders, including depression polygenic risk scores. Results: 52,078 participants (mean age = 63.6, SD = 7.6; 52% female) were included in our analyses. Living with a spouse or partner was associated with substantially lower odds of lifetime depression (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.62-0.74). Compared to individuals without children, we found higher odds of lifetime depression for parents of one child (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.27), and parents of three (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20) or four or more children (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.14-1.42). Amongst those not cohabiting, having any number of children was associated with higher odds of lifetime depression. Our results were consistent across age groups, the sexes, neighbourhood deprivation and genetic risk for depression. Exploratory Mendelian randomisation analyses suggested a causal effect of number of children on lifetime depression. Limitations: Our data did not allow distinguishing between non-marital and marital cohabitation. Results may not generalise to all ages or populations. Conclusions: Living with a spouse or partner was strongly associated with reduced odds of depression. Having one or three or more children was associated with increased odds of depression, especially in individuals not living with a spouse or partner.

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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Depression by Partner Status and the Presence of Children in the Household

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Depressive Symptoms and Compromised Parenting in Low-Income Mothers of Infants and Toddlers: Distal and Proximal Risks

Depressive Symptoms and Compromised Parenting in Low-Income Mothers of Infants and Toddlers: Distal and Proximal Risks

Social Determinants of Depression Among Hispanic Women

Examining the association between family status and depression in the UK Biobank

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