Race-Specific Differences in Endothelial Function

Kalinowski, Leszek; Dobrucki, Iwona T.; Maliński, Tadeusz

doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000129087.81352.7a

Cited by 290 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…We have no evidence to suggest that differences in the usage of these or other drugs that can modify antioxidant enzymes or dietary factors account for our observations. Data showing that cultured endothelial cells derived from African patients release greater quantities of superoxide and peroxynitrite radicals compared with Caucasians are consistent with our findings and imply an inherent basis for the racial differences in redox metabolism (39). Further studies are needed to explore whether treatments that can potentially alter these antioxidant enzymes will modify the susceptibility to or occurrence of diabetes complications.…”

Section: Statisticssupporting

confidence: 86%

Race-Specific Differences in Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -Lipid hydroperoxide, a marker of oxidative stress, is linked to the development of nephropathy and is reportedly higher in patients of African origin compared with Caucasians. This may be relevant to race-specific differences in susceptibility to nephropathy. We investigated whether alterations in antioxidant enzyme activity could account for this biochemical phenotype and examined the relationship with conventional markers of renal disease.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Two hundred seventeen individuals were studied. Patients with type 2 diabetes (n ϭ 75) of African and Caucasian origin were matched by sex and racial origin with healthy control subjects (n ϭ 142). Plasma total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were spectrophotometrically measured, and total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured by enzymatic methods.RESULTS -SOD activity was higher and GPx activity lower in patients with diabetes than in healthy control subjects (573 Ϯ 515 vs. 267 Ϯ 70 units/l, P Ͻ 0.001 and 150 Ϯ 93 vs. 178 Ϯ 90 units/l, P ϭ 0.019, respectively). Patients of African origin with diabetes had lower GPx and higher SOD activity compared with Caucasian patients (126 Ϯ 82 vs. 172 Ϯ 97 units/l, P ϭ 0.03 and 722 Ϯ 590 vs. 445 Ϯ 408 units/l, P ϭ 0.002, respectively). Patients of African origin with normal urinary albumin excretion had significantly higher plasma creatinine concentrations (100.7 Ϯ 14.2 vs. 88.1 Ϯ 14.9 mol/l, P ϭ 0.007) and lower GPx activity (99.0 Ϯ 72.4 vs. 173.7 Ϯ 107.4 units/l, P ϭ 0.02) compared with those of Caucasian origin. African origin was an independent predictor of elevated SOD (P ϭ 0.007) and reduced GPx activity (P ϭ 0.02) in regression analysis.CONCLUSIONS -SOD and GPx enzyme activities vary according to race and could account for differences in lipid hydroperoxide. In patients of African origin, susceptibility to renal disease may be associated with lowered GPx activity. Diabetes Care 28:1698 -1703, 2005P eople of African origin have an increased susceptibility to renal disease compared with Caucasians. In the U.K. and U.S., there is a four-to sixfold difference in the incidence of endstage renal disease due to diabetic nephropathy (1-3). The higher prevalence of end-stage renal disease in patients of African origin exceeds that which is explained by the prevalences of hypertension and diabetes.Plasma measures of oxidative stress are increased in patients with diabetes compared with control subjects (4). A nonspecific lipid peroxidation product, malonyldialdehyde, which is indicative of oxidant stress and advanced glycation end products, localizes in the nodular glomerular lesions characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (5-7). Free radicals are also implicated in endothelial and basement membrane damage and, as such, are pathophysiologically related to increased urinary albumin excretion, the most powerful marker of the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy (8 -10).The major reactive oxygen species produced in the course of oxidative metabolism is s...

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Section: Statisticssupporting

confidence: 86%

Race-Specific Differences in Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2005

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“…Furthermore, one might infer that steps to enhance vascular health may also help forestall and perhaps even reverse risks for cognitive decline among elderly cardiovascular patients. Consistently, recent reports highlight the benefits of statin therapy and lifestyle modifications on cerebral perfusion, mitigating injury of ischemic strokes 52,53 and even dementia 54 . Note: Statistically significant associations are reported in bold (p<.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with cardiovascular disease

Forman¹,

Cohen²,

Hoth³

et al. 2008

ARTRES

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Background-We hypothesized that changes in vascular flow dynamics resulting from age and cardiovascular disease (CVD) would correlate to neurocognitive capacities, even in adults screened to exclude dementia and neurological disease. We studied endothelial-dependent as well as endothelial-independent brachial responses in older adults with CVD to study the associations of vascular responses with cognition. Comprehensive neurocognitive testing was used to discern which specific cognitive domain(s) correlated to the vascular responses.

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“…The process of increased and prolonged NO production leads to depletion of enzymatic substrates and cofactors, and eventually, uncoupling of eNOS. 30 The uncoupled eNOS can generate superoxide 10 SELP expression and GPIIb/IIIa activation. 12 The activation of GPIIb/IIIa (a change from the low-to high-affinity conformation) and translocation of SELP to the platelet surface membrane is crucial for platelet aggregation to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous silica nanoparticles aggregate human platelets: potential implications for vascular homeostasis

Corbalan

Medina

Jacoby³

et al. 2012

IJN

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Methods: Nanoparticle-platelet interaction was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical nanosensors were used to measure the levels of NO and ONOO -released by platelets upon nanoparticle stimulation. Platelet aggregation was studied using light aggregometry, flow cytometry, and phase contrast microscopy. Results: Amorphous SiNP induced NO release from platelets followed by a massive stimulation of ONOO -leading to an unfavorably low [NO]/[ONOO -] ratio. In addition, SiNP induced an upregulation of selectin P expression and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation on the platelet surface membrane, and led to platelet aggregation via adenosine diphosphate and matrix metalloproteinase 2-dependent mechanisms. Importantly, all the effects on platelet aggregation were inversely proportional to nanoparticle size. Conclusions: The exposure of platelets to amorphous SiNP induces a critically low [NO]/[ONOO -] ratio leading to platelet aggregation. These findings provide new insights into the pharmacological profile of SiNP in platelets.

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Race-Specific Differences in Endothelial Function

Cited by 290 publications

References 28 publications

Race-Specific Differences in Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Race-Specific Differences in Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with cardiovascular disease

Amorphous silica nanoparticles aggregate human platelets: potential implications for vascular homeostasis

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