Race and Sex Differences in Career Dynamics

Rosenfeld, Rachel A.

doi:10.2307/2095010

Cited by 159 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…When men leave their jobs they are exiting from a role that has typically dominated their adult years (Weiss, 1990(Weiss, , 1997. Women, on the other hand, commonly experience greater discontinuity, moving in and out of the labor force, and in and out of part-time jobs in tandem with shifting family responsibilities (Clausen & Gilens, 1990;Moen & Han, 2001;Rosenfield, 1980;Sorenson, 1983). Consequently, they are less likely to have the same duration of employment or accumulation of work experience as men (Han & Moen, 1999;Henretta & O'Rand, 1980;Quick & Moen, 1998).…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Midcourse in the United States: Does unpaid community participation replace paid work?

Moen

Fields²

2002

Ageing International

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This study examines the links between formal community participation (defined as volunteer work for an organization) in the United States and psychological well-being, focusing on retirement as a key status transition. It draws on data from 762 American retirees and not-yet-retired older workers in the midcourse years (in their 50s, 60s, and early 70s) to examine: (1) whether unpaid community participation of retirees compensates for the loss of connectedness associated with their paid career jobs, and (2) whether community participation predicts the well-being of various subgroups of retirees. We find little difference in the community participation of midcourse Americans by their retirement status. But community participation does predict the well-being of retirees, supporting a compensatory hypothesis. Dividing the sample of retirees into those who engage in post-retirement paid work and those who do not reveals a positive association between community participation and well-being for non-workers only. Community participation appears especially salutary for the well-being of some subgroups of retirees in the United States (men more than women, those with less income, and those in poor health). Retirement as a Status TransitionThe United States is a work-oriented society. Paid work is a principal source of identity and social relations, especially for men, who historically have spent their prime years of adulthood in the labor force. Paid work has become increasingly central to American women's lives as well, as their labor force attachment comes to approach that of men's. In their classic book, The Meaning of Work and Retirement, Friedmann and Havighurst (1954) developed a five-point typology of the meanings of work as: (1) a source of income, (2) a life routine structuring the use of time, (3) a source of personal status and identity, (4) a context for social interaction, and (5) a meaningful experience that can provide a sense of accomplishment.

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Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Midcourse in the United States: Does unpaid community participation replace paid work?

Moen

Fields²

2002

Ageing International

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“…More family obligations, a greater tendency to have interrupted careers and to work part time among women, combined with sex discrimination at work and occupational sex segregation, tend to constrain women's occupational development. As a result, women's career pro¢les are often £at with little change in wages and occupational status over time (Felmlee, 1982;Rosenfeld, 1978Rosenfeld, , 1980Loprest, 1992). Labour-market attachment is especially weak among Swiss women.…”

Section: Gender Di¡erencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of further education on occupational mobility in Switzerland

Li¹

2000

European Sociological Review

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Further education attainment is an important part of the work life, but its impact on occupational achievement is far less well understood than basic education. In this study, we examine the in£uence of further education on occupational upward and downward mobility and gender di¡erences in the in£uence. Further, we address selection bias involved in this process. The sample for the study includes both men and women from the 1945^51 and 1959^61 birth cohorts in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. We employ Cox's proportional hazards model to estimate the e¡ects of three di¡erent types of further education on the rate of upward and downward mobility, independent of basic education, work-related individual attributes, and labour-market factors. The ¢ndings show that further education aimed at a formal credential, such as advanced training and retraining, increases chances for upward mobility. We found that the association between credential-oriented further education and upward mobility is stronger for women than for men. It re£ects greater selectivity among female participants.We also found that further education participation has only a moderate negative e¡ect on downward mobility. Basic education remains an e¡ective measure against downward mobility.

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“…A central goal of this research has been to reduce observed cross-national variation into a parsimonious set of "mobility regimes" that not only makes descriptive sense of the data, but also provides the basis for an explanation of this variation in terms of cross-national and historical differences in the social institutions that govern mobility. While much of the attention in sociology has focused on intergenerational mobility, the emergence and continued development of the "life course approach" in social stratification (e.g., Rosenfeld 1980;DiPrete 1981;Sørensen and Tuma 1981;Carroll and Mayer 1986;Sørensen 1986;Mayer and Schöplin 1989) made the study of mobility regimes of intragenerational mobility an important topic in its own right.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Course Risks, Mobility Regimes, and Mobility Consequences: A Comparison of Sweden, Germany, and the U.S.

DiPrete

2002

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractIntragenerational mobility has been a central concern in sociology, especially in the latter half of the 20 th century. Most of this analysis has proceeded using measures of social position that are functions of an individual's occupation. This approach has been based on two primary justifications. First, occupational mobility is a key attribute of labor market structure, and the labor market, along with the educational system, is the principal institution responsible for a country's structure of inequality. Second, occupation is an income producing asset that provides an approximate measure of "permanent income" and standard of living. Occupation-based models of social mobility, however, have limitations that arguably have grown during the recent past. Meta-analysis of available evidence for Sweden, western Germany, and the United States concerning occupational mobility, household income mobility, job displacement, union dissolution, and poverty dynamics shows the limitations of the individual-level occupation-based careertrajectory approach to life course mobility. An alternative formulation at the household rather than the individual level is developed that focuses on cross-national variation in the extent to which institutions influence the rate of class-altering events, and the extent to which they mitigate the consequences of these events. The combination of these two institutional processes produces the distinctive characteristics of the mobility regimes of these three countries.2

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Race and Sex Differences in Career Dynamics

Cited by 159 publications

References 28 publications

Midcourse in the United States: Does unpaid community participation replace paid work?

Midcourse in the United States: Does unpaid community participation replace paid work?

The influence of further education on occupational mobility in Switzerland

Life Course Risks, Mobility Regimes, and Mobility Consequences: A Comparison of Sweden, Germany, and the U.S.

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