Rabbits

Fisher, Peter G.; Graham, Jennifer E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-44450-7.00010-2

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…All six rabbits had either a complete or limited biochemistry panel performed and five out of six rabbits had a complete blood count measurement performed. Blood work values and reference intervals 23 are summarized below. All six rabbits had a moderate‐to‐severely elevated alanine aminotransferase ranging from 381 to 1006 U/L with a median of 539 U/L (reference interval: 14‐80 U/L).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography with Hounsfield unit assessment is useful in the diagnosis of liver lobe torsion in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Daggett

Loeber

et al. 2020

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Clinical signs of liver lobe torsion in rabbits are often nonspecific and mimic those that are also generally detected with gastrointestinal stasis. Nonspecific clinical signs may result in pursuit of full‐body imaging such as computed tomography (CT). The aim of this multicenter, retrospective, case series study was to describe CT findings of liver lobe torsion in a group of rabbits. Computed tomography studies of six rabbits with confirmed liver lobe torsion by surgery or necropsy were evaluated. The caudate liver lobe was affected in six out of six rabbits and was enlarged, rounded, hypoattenuating, heterogeneous, and minimally to noncontrast enhancing, with scant regional peritoneal effusion. Precontrast, mean Hounsfield units (HU) of the torsed liver lobe (39.3 HU [range, 24.4‐48.1 HU]) were lower than mean HU of normal liver (55.1 HU [range, 49.6‐60.8 HU]), with a mean torsed:normal HU ratio of 0.71 (range, 0.49‐0.91). Postcontrast, mean HU of the torsed liver lobe (38.4 HU [range, 19.7‐48.9 HU]) were also lower than mean HU of normal liver (108.4 HU [range, 84.5‐142.0 HU]), with a lower postcontrast mean torsed:normal HU ratio of 0.35 (range, 0.14‐0.48) compared to precontrast. Mean HU of torsed liver lobes had little difference pre‐ and postcontrast (postcontrast HU 1.0 times the average precontrast HU [range, 0.81‐1.1]), and contrast enhancement of the torsed liver lobes was on average 50% lower than in normal liver. Liver lobe torsion should be considered in rabbits with an enlarged, hypoattenuating, heterogeneous, minimally to noncontrast enhancing liver lobe, particularly the caudate lobe, and scant regional peritoneal effusion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography with Hounsfield unit assessment is useful in the diagnosis of liver lobe torsion in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Daggett

Loeber

et al. 2020

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Plasma biochemical results were summarised for all 324 rabbits and for the 33 rabbits with confirmed imaging evidence of urolithiasis (Table 3). Results were compared with reference values (Fisher & Graham 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between biochemical parameters and referral centre in pet rabbits with urolithiasis

Wong

Gardhouse

Rooney

et al. 2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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To determine the association between signalment, selected haematologic and biochemical parameters and referral centre in pet rabbits with imaging evidence of urolithiasis presented to two veterinary teaching hospitals in North America. Materials and MethOds:The medical record database of two veterinary teaching hospitals was searched from 2009 to 2019 for records of pet rabbits that received both imaging studies and plasma biochemistry profiles. Information regarding signalment, bodyweight, packed cell volume, total solids, and plasma biochemistry profiles was obtained. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify statistically significant parameters associated with imaging evidence of urolithiasis.results: Of the 324 examined rabbits, 33 (10.2%) had confirmed evidence of urolithiasis on imaging.Increasing plasma calcium and sodium concentrations and referral centre were significantly associated with the presence of urolithiasis on the univariable logistic regression model. However, only plasma calcium concentration and the referral centre demonstrated significant associations on the multivariable logistic regression model. clinical significance: Results indicate that urolithiasis in pet rabbits that receive imaging is associated with mildly increasing plasma calcium concentration and referral centre. The association with referral centre may indicate there are geographic influences on urolithiasis or on imaging. However, the identified associations have low predictive value for the diagnosis of urolithiasis, indicating the need for additional diagnostic modalities.

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“…On physical examination, the animal was in good body condition. In addition to apathy and tachypnea, the rabbit also had tachycardia, but its rectal temperature was normal (39°C; reference range: 38.5–40°C) ( 22 ). Ventrodorsal and lateral radiographic projections were obtained from the rabbit skull, thorax, and abdomen, but no abnormalities were observed.…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two hours after hospitalization, an abdominal ultrasound revealed a brightness and greater exposure of the portal wall veins, with a generally reduced liver echogenicity, compatible with acute hepatitis. A complete blood count was performed with an automated analyzer (Mindray BC-2800 Vet Auto Hematology Analyzer, Mindray, China) which turned out to be normal ( 22 ). However, a slight increase in young heterophils and activated lymphocytes were detected on the microscopic evaluation of blood smear.…”

Section: Case Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case series: Four fatal rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus infections in urban pet rabbits

et al. 2023

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Four pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus) diagnosed with a fatal infection by rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV GI.2) were identified in the same week and further investigated. All animals lived in an urban environment (Lisbon, Portugal), were between 8 months and 2 years old and none had been vaccinated against RHDV2 (GI.2). Three animals arrived at the clinic and died shortly afterward and it was only possible to collect material for RT-qPCR (RHDV) test. These rabbits tested positive for RHDV2, with high viral loads. In the fourth case, additional clinical and post-mortem gross and histological evaluations were performed. This 8 month old intact female indoor pet rabbit was presented with apathy, tachypnea and tachycardia. Radiographic projections revealed no clinical revealed no clinical abnormalities. Serum biochemistry revealed a significant increase in AST and ALT with a small hypoglycemia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an acute hepatitis. Despite hospitalization support, after 30 h of admission, the rabbit lost consciousness and developed anorexia and pyrexia in the last minutes before death. Post-mortem analysis and molecular testing by RT-qPCR, confirmed the diagnosis of RHDV2 (GI.2) infection also with high viral load. In conclusion, this paper reports a case series that demonstrates the severe infectious ability and the high mortality associated with RHDV even in rabbits from urban environments. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of always considering rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) as a differential diagnosis in pet rabbits with non-specific clinical signs, and should warn veterinarians that pet rabbits living indoors can also be infected with a fatal outcome.

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Rabbits

Cited by 19 publications

References 95 publications

Computed tomography with Hounsfield unit assessment is useful in the diagnosis of liver lobe torsion in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Computed tomography with Hounsfield unit assessment is useful in the diagnosis of liver lobe torsion in pet rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Associations between biochemical parameters and referral centre in pet rabbits with urolithiasis

Case series: Four fatal rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus infections in urban pet rabbits

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