Rabbit IgG-imprinted nanoMIPs by solid phase synthesis: the effect of cross-linkers on their affinity and selectivity

Chiarello, Matteo; Anfossi, Laura; Cavalera, Simone; Nardo, Fabio Di; Serra, Thea; Sordello, Fabrizio; Baggiani, Claudio

doi:10.1039/d2tb00245k

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Some reported exceptions involve the use of different functional monomers such as acrylamide [ 20 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], N,N-diethylaminoethylmetacrylate [ 27 , 30 ], 2-hydroxyethylmetacrylate [ 31 ], 2-(methacryloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride [ 20 , 28 ], (4-acrylamidophenyl)aminomethaniminium acetate [ 21 ], or ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate [ 11 , 32 , 33 ]. Concerning the cross-linker, BIS at 2 mol% concentration is greatly prevalent, and very few papers report the use of alternative cross-linkers, as ethylene-bis-acrylamide [ 15 , 21 , 34 , 35 ] or N,O-methacryloylethanolamine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and glycerol dimethacrylate [ 35 ]. Interestingly, there are some reports of nanoMIPs prepared in the presence of higher molar concentrations of BIS, at 16% molar concentration [ 20 , 27 , 30 ], or completely without a cross-linker, in the so-called linear molecularly imprinted polymers (LMIPs) approach [ 28 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intrigued by the observation that until now the effect of different amounts of cross-linker has never been reported in detail, we decided to study the effect of variable amounts of BIS—in the range between 0 (no cross-linker) and 50 mol% concentration—in pre-polymerization mixtures on the binding properties of rabbit IgG (rIgG) nanoparticles prepared as previously reported [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Amount of Cross-Linker Influences Affinity and Selectivity of NanoMIPs Prepared by Solid-Phase Polymerization Synthesis

Testa,

Anfossi,

Cavalera

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The cross-linker methylene-bis-acrylamide is usually present in nanoMIPs obtained by solid-phase polymerization synthesis at 2 mol% concentration, with very few exceptions. Here, we studied the influence of variable amounts of methylene-bis-acrylamide in the range between 0 (no cross-linker) and 50 mol% concentration on the binding properties of rabbit IgG nanoMIPs. The binding parameters were determined by equilibrium binding experiments and the results show that the degree of cross-linking defines three distinct types of nanoMIPs: (i) those with a low degree of cross-linking, including nanoMIPs without cross-linker (0–05 mol%), showing a low binding affinity, high density of binding sites, and low selectivity; (ii) nanoMIPs with a medium degree of cross-linking (1–18 mol%), showing higher binding affinity, low density of binding sites, and high selectivity; (iii) nanoMIPs with a high degree of cross-linking (32–50 mol%), characterized by non-specific nanopolymer–ligand interactions, with low binding affinity, high density of binding sites, and no selectivity. In conclusion, the results are particularly relevant in the synthesis of high-affinity, high-selectivity nanoMIPs as they demonstrate that a significant gain in affinity and selectivity could be achieved with pre-polymerization mixtures containing quantities of cross-linker up to 10–20 mol%, well higher than those normally used in this technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Amount of Cross-Linker Influences Affinity and Selectivity of NanoMIPs Prepared by Solid-Phase Polymerization Synthesis

Testa,

Anfossi,

Cavalera

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…1 Besides the above-mentioned methods, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were also proposed for IgG separation. 7,10,11 MIPs are artificial receptors synthesized by polymerization of functional monomers and crosslinkers in the presence of the target molecule (template). 12,13 Removal of the template molecule leaves imprint cavities in the polymers, which are chemically and sterically complementary to the template molecule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Various approaches, including the traditional bulk imprinting, 11,16 surface imprinting 17 and epitope imprinting, 18,19 were exploited for IgG imprinting. Some IgGimprinted hydrogels, 20 membranes, 7,19,21 cryogels, 11,18,22 polymer beads, 17 and nanoparticles, 10,[23][24][25] have been synthesized. They were further used for electrochemical analysis 21 and separation and purification of IgG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were further used for electrochemical analysis 21 and separation and purification of IgG. 7,10,11 For example, Yin and Ulbricht 7 synthesized an IgG-imprinted hydrogel layer on track-etched polyethylene terephthalate membranes using a strategy combining surface imprinting and scaffold imprinting. The best IgG MIP membrane adsorber was used to separate IgG from mixtures with human serum albumin (HSA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peptide-crosslinked molecularly imprinted polymers for efficient separation of immunoglobulin G from human serum

Dong

Wang

et al. 2023

Biomater. Sci.

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Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Synthetic Antibodies for Protein Recognition: The Next Generation

Bui

Mier

Haupt

2023

Small

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Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are chemical antibody mimics obtained by nanomoulding the 3D shape and chemical functionalities of a desired target in a synthetic polymer. Consequently, they possess exquisite molecular recognition cavities for binding the target molecule, often with specificity and affinity similar to those of antigen‐antibody interactions. Research on MIPs targeting proteins began in the mid‐90s, and this review will evaluate the progress made till now, starting from their synthesis in a monolith bulk format through surface imprinting to biocompatible soluble nanogels prepared by solid‐phase synthesis. MIPs in the latter format will be discussed more in detail because of their tremendous potential of replacing antibodies in the biomedical domain like in diagnostics and therapeutics, where the workforce of antibodies is concentrated. Emphasis is also put on the development of epitope imprinting, which consists of imprinting a short surface‐exposed fragment of a protein, resulting in MIPs capable of selectively recognizing the whole macromolecule, amidst others in complex biological media, on cells or tissues. Thus selecting the ‘best’ peptide antigen is crucial and in this context a rational approach, inspired from that used to predict peptide immunogens for peptide antibodies, is described for its unambiguous identification.

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Rabbit IgG-imprinted nanoMIPs by solid phase synthesis: the effect of cross-linkers on their affinity and selectivity

Abstract: The solid phase synthesis (SPS) of molecularly imprinted nanopolymers (nanoMIPs) represents an innovative method to prepare nanomaterials with tailor-made molecular recognition properties towards peptides and protein. The synthesis of nanoMIPs...

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

The Amount of Cross-Linker Influences Affinity and Selectivity of NanoMIPs Prepared by Solid-Phase Polymerization Synthesis

The Amount of Cross-Linker Influences Affinity and Selectivity of NanoMIPs Prepared by Solid-Phase Polymerization Synthesis

Peptide-crosslinked molecularly imprinted polymers for efficient separation of immunoglobulin G from human serum

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Synthetic Antibodies for Protein Recognition: The Next Generation

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