R�ntgenspektren und periodisches System der Elemente

Bohr, Niels; Coster, D.

doi:10.1007/bf01328104

Cited by 104 publications

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“…[42,43] Eine genäherte Beziehung zwischen den Wellenlängen l K der charakteristischen K a -und K b -Rçntgenemissionen und den Atomgewichten A war früher rein empirisch gefunden worden: 1/ ffiffiffiffiffi l K p~A . Bezüglich der Übergangsmetalle betonte Bohr schon 1923, dass in der n. Periode die (nÀ1)d-Schalen fester gebunden sind als das bei den neutralen Atomen lockerste ns-Elektron.…”

Section: Angewandte Essaysunclassified

“…[43] Oben, unten und rechts wurden die modernen Orbital-Symbole 1s, 2s, 2p … 4s, 4p*(=4p 1/2 ), 4p (= 4p 3/2 ) … hinzugefügt, die Bohrs Bahn-Symbolen 1 1 , 2 1 , 2 2 … N I 4 (1,1) , N II 4 (2,1) , N III 4 (2,2) etc. Bohrs Bahnenergien e neutraler Atome (aufgetragen als y ¼ ffiffiffiffi ffi IE p , IE = Bahn-Ionisierungs-Energie in Rydberg = 13.6 eV; fest gebundene Bahnen haben hohe y-Werte) über der Kernladung Z = 1 bis 92 (1923).…”

Section: Angewandte Essaysunclassified

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100 Jahre Bohrsches Atommodell

Schwarz

2013

Angewandte Chemie

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Section: Angewandte Essaysunclassified

100 Jahre Bohrsches Atommodell

Schwarz

2013

Angewandte Chemie

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“…It is well known [1] that experimentally observed inner shell binding energies E obey the Moseley law according to which (E is roughly a linear function of the atomic number Z. The Moseley plot of (E versus Z furnishes a good method for finding experimentally inaccessible binding energies and of correcting for the inaccuracies in those that are observed experimentally: one has only to draw the Moseley plot and then read off the binding energies from the straight line so obtained.…”

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An iterative method for obtaining accurate atomic inner shell binding energies

Misra

Mathew

Gokhale

1996

Z Phys D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters

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A new method based on an iterative procedure for obtaining accurate atomic inner shell binding energies is described. The method makes use of the doubly modified Moseley plot as the starting point. As an illustration accurate binding energies for the M shell in the atomic number range 574Z471 have been obtained. This has also resulted in the removal of the anomaly in the M binding energy of Z"68. Our calculations point to a need for a fresh look at the theoretical calculations of inner shell binding energies for Z"57 to 71 in which some unsuspected effects appear to occur when the 4f shell is opened, half filled and closed.

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“…In late 1922 he and Dirk Coster wrote a critical review of the available data that already included Dolejšek's new results. 7 Although Bohr's analysis of atomic constitution was incomplete (lacking, among other things, the electron spin), it firmly established the buildingup principle and was hailed as Bohr's crowning achievement, cited in connection with the Nobel Prize he received in 1922. 8 The award preceded, by two years, Wolfgang Pauli's discovery of the exclusion principle and thus the explanation of the number of electrons that make up a closed shell -an ingredient necessary to interpret the periodic properties of the elements.…”

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The KLMN of X-Ray Spectroscopy: Dolejšek’s Discovery of the N Series

Friedrich

1999

Phys. perspect.

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The discovery of the N series in the X-ray spectra of atoms (Bi, Th, U) in 1922 is placed in the context of the old quantum theory. The roles and mutual interactions of the protagonists, Václav Dolejšek and Manne Siegbahn, throughout the late 1930s are described. Dolejšek's participation in the Czech Resistance during World War II and his tragic death in 1945 are briefly recounted.The discovery of the N series in the X-ray spectra of atoms was a feat in technical inventiveness and skill, augmented by a measure of fine diplomacy. The experiment that led to the discovery was carried out seventy-seven years ago in the laboratory of Manne Siegbahn at the University of Lund by Václav Dolejšek. 1 The search for the long-wavelength N series followed upon the experimental work of C. G. Barkla, H. G. J. Moseley, and Siegbahn and shared their faith in the old quantum theory of the atom. The theory was in a shaky state by 1922, at odds with a host of dependable new spectroscopic data in the visible range, its strongest pillar over most of the previous decade. An especially pernicious handicap, in retrospect, was the absence of the concept of electron spin, which precluded the much-sought explanation of the anomalous Zeeman effect and of the spectrum of helium. The perception of an all-out crisis was alleviated by the Stern-Gerlach experiment, 2 which proved the reality of space quantization (and, unwittingly, of electron spin) -and by X-ray spectra, including the new addition, the N series. As Friedrich Hund put it, ''Pride and doubt stood close to one another. '' 3 Ever since Moseley established the connection between the X-ray transition frequencies and the atomic number, 4 X-ray spectroscopy had become one of the key tools in the quest for the understanding of atomic structure. In combination with Barkla's earlier discovery of characteristic X rays (the K and L series of the elements), 5 this role of X-ray spectroscopy was further enhanced by the expansion and refinement of the methods by Siegbahn (leading also to the discovery of the M series). 6 Particularly Niels Bohr, in his work on multi-electron atoms and on the * Dr. Friedrich is Senior Research Fellow and Lecturer at Harvard University whose research interests include atomic and molecular trapping, interactions of molecules with strong static and radiative fields, collisions of polarized molecules, and aspects of chemical catalysis. 384

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R�ntgenspektren und periodisches System der Elemente

Cited by 104 publications

References 0 publications

100 Jahre Bohrsches Atommodell

100 Jahre Bohrsches Atommodell

An iterative method for obtaining accurate atomic inner shell binding energies

The KLMN of X-Ray Spectroscopy: Dolejšek’s Discovery of the N Series

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