R&amp;D Models: Lessons from Vaccine History

Wilson, Paul; Post, Sarah; Srinivas, Smita

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1099495

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Evidence suggests that how S&T based innovation is framed is a serious barrier to its usefulness in resolving major problems of social justice. 'Mission-mode' need not imply exclusively state-led, centralization or even hierarchy as vaccine history demonstrates (Wilson et al 2007). Yet, often top-down innovation has been hierarchical in tackling major global challenges such as health, agriculture and energy, excluding important segments of the population, failing to address inequality and the potential for long-term socio-economic prosperity.…”

Section: Redefining Innovation In Terms Of History and Context: The Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation as a political process of development: are neo-Schumpeterians value neutral?

Παπαϊωάννου

Srinivas

2018

Innovation and Development

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Technological innovation has been one of the fastest growing areas of economics scholarship and one where history and philosophy have played important roles. Since the reconstruction of Joseph Schumpeter's view of innovation as a driver of capitalist development and the subsequent formation of the national innovation systems (NIS) theory in the early 1990s that can be described as neo-Schumpeterian, there has been a continuous attempt to explain innovation in social-scientific terms. However, much of this has positioned innovation as a value-neutral process. We argue that such value-neutrality requires closer analysis because the neo-Schumpeterian thinkers do appear to acknowledge that capitalism itself is an uneven, dynamic process. The relationship between the vital dynamism of such analysis of technological change and the context of its description of power relations and value deserves further attention. Under what conditions can systemic interactions between institutions and actors function as universal frameworks? Can the theory of innovation be abstracted from its social and political bases? This paper aims to redefine innovation as a predominately political process that is both historical and contextual, and thus draw out its implications for economics and development politics. The paper suggests some preliminary steps toward a more critical approach to innovation scholarship as part of a wider, heated ongoing debate about economics' own relevance and contestation about its methods.

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Section: Redefining Innovation In Terms Of History and Context: The Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovation as a political process of development: are neo-Schumpeterians value neutral?

Παπαϊωάννου

Srinivas

2018

Innovation and Development

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“…This private financing is derived from a combination of shareholder equity, debt issued by the company (bonds), and internally generated revenues from sales of other products. 7 Although this system has produced many new drugs and vaccines, it has not worked well to deliver health technologies for the diseases of the developing world. Private investment in these technologies has been weak.…”

Section: The Current System For Financing Health Randdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Health R&D Financing For Developing Countries: A Menu Of Innovative Policy Options

Hecht¹,

Wilson²,

Palriwala

2009

Health Affairs

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New drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics for the diseases of the developing world could save millions of lives and prevent enormous suffering and economic loss. Despite substantial new funding from the Gates Foundation and other donors, financing for the development of these new health technologies remains inadequate. New approaches are needed to generate more resources, make funding more stable and flexible, and further engage the expertise of the pharmaceutical industry. Several new financing mechanisms have been launched recently, and others are being proposed. This paper summarizes some of the most promising new ideas and offers a framework for evaluating them. [Health Affairs 28, no. 4 (2007): 974-985; 10.1377/hlthaff.28.4.974] D e s pi t e p r o g r e s s i n r e c e n t y e a r s , the world still urgently needs new and improved health technologies-drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic tests-to prevent and treat the diseases that take a heavy toll on people in the developing world. These new technologies could save millions of lives annually and promote faster economic and social progress.n Need for vaccines. New vaccines are required to lower the burden of infectious diseases, including AIDS, TB, malaria, and other tropical illnesses. The potential of these vaccines is enormous. For each million people in malaria-endemic countries of Africa, a partially effective malaria vaccine could avert 10,000 deaths and 16,000 severe cases of malaria over a twenty-year period.1 A vaccine to prevent dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease that causes tens of millions of cases of illness and thousands of deaths annually in all regions of the tropics, could reduce the 9 7 4 J u l y /A u g u s t 2 0 0 9

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Reflections on the entrepreneurial state, innovation and social justice

Παπαϊωάννου

2020

Rev Evol Polit Econ

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The state and its role in technological innovation and social justice have become, once again, fashionable topics of political and economic debate. A number of innovation theorists argue that never more than today, it is necessary to rethink the state's entrepreneurial role in society and welfare. Their argument provides justification for the existence of the state, going beyond classical political theory and especially contractarian accounts of legitimacy and obligation. It emphasises the ability and willingness of the state to take risks and reduce uncertainty of economic agents for the sake of innovation that can make everyone better off. This paper insists that although the risk-taking argument of innovation theorists deserves further attention and analysis, it should not be abstracted from a holistic politico-theoretical approach to the state. Such an approach is necessary for a critical understanding of the complex set of predominantly political institutions which compose the state and which have been historically developed to guarantee social evolution. Any risk-taking for innovative enterprise and mission-oriented investment ought to be justified and legitimised on the grounds of principled democratic procedures. This implies that innovation itself is a value-laden political process, requiring participation in the decision-making and standards of fairness.

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R&D Models: Lessons from Vaccine History

Abstract: The full text of this report is also available online at the IAVI website at: http://www.iavi.org/RD_Models IAVI's mission is to ensure the development of safe, effective, accessible, preventive HIV vaccines for use throughout the world.Printed on recycled paper.

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Innovation as a political process of development: are neo-Schumpeterians value neutral?

Innovation as a political process of development: are neo-Schumpeterians value neutral?

Improving Health R&D Financing For Developing Countries: A Menu Of Innovative Policy Options

Reflections on the entrepreneurial state, innovation and social justice

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