Abstract:The powerful processors and variety of sensors in new and planned mobile Internet devices, such as Apple's iPhone and Android-based smartphones, can be leveraged to build cyber-physical applications that collect sensor data from the real world and communicate it back to Internet services for processing and aggregation. This article presents key R&D challenges facing developers of mobile cyber-physical applications that integrate with Internet services and summarizes emerging solutions to address these challeng… Show more
“…The hybrid and cyberphysical systems we speak of (see, e.g. [20,23,2,22,6]) are poorly served by conventional formal techniques. Although they do have approaches of their own (see, e.g.…”
Abstract.A case study on automotive cruise control originally done in (conventional, discrete) Event-B is reexamined in Hybrid Event-B (an extension of Event-B that includes provision for continuously varying behaviour as well as the usual discrete changes of state). A significant case study such as this has various benefits. It can confirm that the Hybrid Event-B design allows appropriately fluent application level modelling (as is needed for serious industrial use). It also permits a critical comparison to be made between purely discrete and genuinely hybrid modelling. The latter enables application requirements to be covered in a more natural way. It also enables some inconvenient modelling metaphors to be eliminated.
“…The hybrid and cyberphysical systems we speak of (see, e.g. [20,23,2,22,6]) are poorly served by conventional formal techniques. Although they do have approaches of their own (see, e.g.…”
Abstract.A case study on automotive cruise control originally done in (conventional, discrete) Event-B is reexamined in Hybrid Event-B (an extension of Event-B that includes provision for continuously varying behaviour as well as the usual discrete changes of state). A significant case study such as this has various benefits. It can confirm that the Hybrid Event-B design allows appropriately fluent application level modelling (as is needed for serious industrial use). It also permits a critical comparison to be made between purely discrete and genuinely hybrid modelling. The latter enables application requirements to be covered in a more natural way. It also enables some inconvenient modelling metaphors to be eliminated.
“…This section describes WreckWatch (White et al, 2010), which is an open-source 1 mobile application we built on the Android smartphone platform to detect automobile accidents. We use WreckWatch as a case study throughout this paper to demonstrate key complexities of predicting the power consumption of mobile software architectures.…”
Section: Motivating Example: the Wreckwatch Case Studymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Functional requirements, such as minimum application response time, can conflict with power consumption optimization needs. For example, a traffic accident detection application (White et al, 2010) must be able to detect sudden accelerations indicative of a car accident. To detect acceleration events that indicate accidents, the application must sample device sensors and perform numerous calculations at a high rate.…”
Abstract:Smartphones are mobile devices that travel with their owners and provide increasingly powerful services. The software implementing these services must conserve battery power since smartphones may operate for days without being recharged. It is hard, however, to design smartphone software that minimizes power consumption. For example, multiple layers of abstractions and middleware sit between an application and the hardware, which make it hard to predict the power consumption of a potential application design accurately. Application developers must therefore wait until after implementation (when changes are more expensive) to determine the power consumption characteristics of a design. This paper provides three contributions to the study of applying model-driven engineering to analyze power consumption early in the lifecycle of smartphone applications. First, it presents a model-driven methodology for accurately emulating the power consumption of smartphone application architectures. Second, it describes the System Power Optimization Tool (SPOT), which is a model-driven tool that automates power consumption emulation code generation and simplifies analysis. Third, it empirically demonstrates how SPOT can estimate power consumption to within ∼3-4% of actual power consumption for representative smartphone applications.
“…CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are integrations of multiple computing and physical processes, with the potential to design and adapt both computing and physical elements to improve efficiency and resilience of the system as a whole [19], [20]. This encompasses the conventional control systems which typically are represented in a static setup.…”
Abstract-We argue that the main challenges to be overcome in developing future generations of IT-enabled products and services lie not so much in the software engineering discipline itself as in the collaborative relationships that software engineers have with other disciplines. We briefly review the need for more emphasis on multi-disciplinary approaches and consider three classes of demanding system: embedded products, systems-of-systems and cyber-physical systems. In each of these areas, we argue that there is a need for engineering with formal semantic bases that enable joint modelling, analysis and simulation of groups of heterogeneous models.
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