QXRD, XRF and optical microscopy applied to characterization and provenance of ancient ceramics from Haft Teppeh (1500 – 1150 BC), southwest Iran

Emami, Mohammadamin

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/37/1/012012

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Qualitative and quantitative crystalline phase analyses were performed on a PANalytical X’pert PRO X‐ray diffractometer. Quantitative analysis of the crystalline phases was performed using a Rietveld refining method, as previously described (Emami, ). The best preferred orientation of a certain hkl plane was measured by goodness of fit by 1.5.…”

Section: Sampling and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical–Geochemical Characterization and Provenance of the Stones Used at the Pasargadae Complex in Iran: A New Perspective

Emami

Eslami

Fadaei³

et al. 2018

Archaeometry

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The stone monuments of Pasargadae (c.550 to 330 bce), Iran, represent a unique example of an advanced construction system that used stones as building materials. This study characterizes the mineralogical and chemical composition of these stones and determines their provenance. Five samples were obtained from buildings at Pasargadae and studied using optical microscopy (OM), X‐ray powder diffraction (QXRD), inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). Their chemical and mineralogical composition was determined using the Sr/Fe ratio and the amount of Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Tm, Yb and Lu in order to investigate the provenance of the building materials. Seven additional samples were obtained from rock outcrops suspected of being the source of the rock and studied using the same techniques. A statistical principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited correlations between each data set. The data suggest that Abolverdi quarry west of Pasargadae served as the source for the light limestone used in the construction of the buildings, particularly the Tomb of Cyrus the Great. The Ahmad‐Beigi and Sarpaniran outcrops to the north‐east and south‐east are suggested as the sources of the dark limestone. The Sr/Fe ratio and the amount of rare‐earth elements distinguish the samples by means of different geneses.

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Section: Sampling and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical–Geochemical Characterization and Provenance of the Stones Used at the Pasargadae Complex in Iran: A New Perspective

Emami

Eslami

Fadaei³

et al. 2018

Archaeometry

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“…Studies of vessels from late Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites such as Sialk (central Iran) [15], Rahmatabad (southwestern Iran) [16], various archaeological sites from Fars (south-central Iran) [17], Tehran Plain (north-central Iran) [18] and from Tappeh Zagheh in Qazvin Plain [19] show relatively similar compositions and homogeneous microstructures as well as significantly high firing temperatures. Furthermore, researches carried out on potteries from later periods such as those from Tappeh Yahya (north-central Iran) [20,21], Tol-e Kamin and Malyan (south-central Iran) [22,23], Sistan region and Shahr-i Sokhta (eastern Iran) [24][25][26], Godin Tepe and Kolyaei plain (western Iran) [27,28], the ceramics from the middle Elamite sites (second millennium BC) of Haft Tappeh and Chogha Zanbil [29,30], as well as Middle Chalcolithic ceramics from Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari province (5th -4th millennium BC) [31] show the use of local raw materials and the preservation of traditional ceramic production, even though evidences of ceramic trades are also visible. These studies revealed some interesting aspects of pottery production in prehistoric Iran, regarding for example the choice of raw materials, the additives and the conditions of the firing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pottery production from the Deh Dumen Bronze Age graveyard (South-Western Iran): a chemical, mineralogical and physical study

et al. 2021

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A collection of pottery vessels uncovered during the first season of excavations in the Deh Dumen Bronze Age graveyard (the second half of the third millennium BC) located in south-western Iran were studied by using chemical, mineralogical and physical techniques, with the aim to identify the pottery manufacturing process in this region. The site is located in a region of the Zagros fold and thrust belt that includes carbonate rocks and alluvial deposits. The pottery vessels found in the site present two different fabric types in their fresh surface: bright yellowish hue fabric (TYPE-1) and sandwich-like or black core fabric (TYPE-2) showing presumably different production techniques or workshops. Twenty-four samples from pottery sherds were selected and analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Hydric tests were also performed. Samples were different according to their chemistry having distinguished calcium-rich and calcium-poor ceramics. Al2O3 and Fe2O3 were detected as the other main components of samples besides SiO2 and CaO. The mineralogical and textural characterisation revealed a fine-grained clayey matrix with quartz and feldspar grains in TYPE-1 potteries and large and small calcitic and clayey lumps inclusions in TYPE-2 potteries. Imprints of straw or other plants can be responsible for the higher porosity of some of the potteries. It was found that most of the potteries from the Deh Dumen graveyard were produced by means of a local and traditional pottery manufacturing technique, whilst others may have been produced in different places and transported to the graveyard as ritual offerings.

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“…An equally important part was the evaluation of historical glazes and their possible degradation. Scientific methods commonly used in archaeometry were used to meet the objectives-X-Ray analyses [15][16][17], optical microscopy and SEM technique in combination with X-Ray techniques [15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24], thermal analyses [21,22] and Raman spectroscopy [25][26][27]. The main advantage of used techniques when they are used for the study of rare and precious finds is that the same samples can be investigated by a combination of these techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-methodical study of Early Modern Age archaeological glazed ceramics from Prague

et al. 2020

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A series of scientific methods (X-ray analyses, optical and electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermal analyses) was used to research the ceramic bodies and glazes of forty vessels from Renaissance Prague. The set of Early Modern Age archaeological glazed ceramics contained tableware, kitchenware and technical ceramics. The main aim was to characterise ceramic materials and glazes used over two centuries. Attention was also paid to the identification of defects and corrosion products of the glazes. The research was conducted with an emphasis on the context of the original use of the ceramic artefacts and the environment of the waste pits from which they were excavated. The archaeological finds include three technical ceramic vessels (a rectifier, a bowl and a jar), which together could have formed a distillation apparatus. Since these vessels represent a rare finding, they were subjected to a detailed investigation. Based on the similarity of ceramic bodies and glazes, it was proved that the three technical ceramic vessels were made in the same workshop and were parts of one distillation apparatus. The results of the performed analyses determined that the studied vessels were manufactured from raw materials with a high content of a plastic component and that the raw materials did not change significantly during the period from the 15th to 18th centuries. The firing temperature of most of the vessels did not exceed 1000 °C. It was proved that all the glazes were mediumor high-lead content glazes and were coloured with ionic pigments.

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QXRD, XRF and optical microscopy applied to characterization and provenance of ancient ceramics from Haft Teppeh (1500 – 1150 BC), southwest Iran

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Mineralogical–Geochemical Characterization and Provenance of the Stones Used at the Pasargadae Complex in Iran: A New Perspective

Mineralogical–Geochemical Characterization and Provenance of the Stones Used at the Pasargadae Complex in Iran: A New Perspective

The pottery production from the Deh Dumen Bronze Age graveyard (South-Western Iran): a chemical, mineralogical and physical study

Multi-methodical study of Early Modern Age archaeological glazed ceramics from Prague

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