Quit smoking to outsmart atherogenesis: Molecular mechanisms underlying clinical evidence

Association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder study population

“…Smoking causes about 5 million deaths annually, accounting for about 10% of all CVD events globally . Although, smoking status was not different among CVD patients and healthy individuals in the current study, as a lifestyle factor it profundly affects CVD events through exacerbating atherosclerosis process . Smoking promotes atherosclerosis through its impact on blood pressure, metabolism of lipids, and elevating LDL‐C level.…”

“…Smoking promotes atherosclerosis through its impact on blood pressure, metabolism of lipids, and elevating LDL‐C level. Cigarette smoking is considered as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, because of its high oxidants and inflammatory compounds which is able to enhance endothelial injury and inflammation . Smoking can also reduce endothelium‐dependent dilation of coronary arteries by decreasing the amount of available nitric oxide (NO).…”

Mitochondrial Proton Leak Plays a Critical Role in Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Also, intact ΔP in the presence of an increased proton leak implies that pro-atherogenic stimuli such as LPC may promote ETC activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LPC-mediated mitochondrial ROS was responsible for increasing the expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 in endothelial cells, which initiates atherosclerosis process in vasculature [48]. We have further validated this observation by using mitoTempo, which is a specific mitochondrial ROS inhibitor.…”

Passive smoking and mortality from aortic dissection or aneurysm

“…Smoking induces atherosclerosis through lowering HDL-cholesterol levels and enhancing oxidation and inflammation, thereby fostering thrombotic cardiovascular events. 18 Aortic aneurysms 15 are thought to be a manifestation of atherosclerosis in general, but previous basic research and clinical studies have suggested that additional factors rather than atherosclerosis-related factors are probably involved in the development of aortic aneurysms. [2][3][4]13,[19][20][21] For example, elastin degradation in the vascular wall mediated by proteolytic systems is one of the additional factors.…”