Quinolone Complexes with Lanthanide Ions: An Insight into their Analytical Applications and Biological Activity

Abstract

Quinolones comprise a series of synthetic bactericidal agents with a broad spectrum of activity and good bioavailability. An important feature of these molecules is their capacity to bind metal ions in complexes with relevant biological and analytical applications. Interestingly, lanthanide ions possess extremely attractive properties that result from the behavior of the internal 4f electrons, behavior which is not lost upon ionization, nor after coordination. Subsequently, a more detailed discussion about metal complexes of quinolones with lanthanide ions in terms of chemical and biological properties is made. These complexes present a series of characteristics, such as narrow and highly structured emission bands; large gaps between absorption and emission wavelengths (Stokes shifts); and long excited-state lifetimes, which render them suitable for highly sensitive and selective analytical methods of quantitation. Moreover, quinolones have been widely prescribed in both human and animal treatments, which has led to an increase in their impact on the environment, and therefore to a growing interest in the development of new methods for their quantitative determination. Therefore, analytical applications for the quantitative determination of quinolones, lanthanide and miscellaneous ions and nucleic acids, along with other applications, are reviewed here.

New chemiluminescent method of levofloxacin and ofloxacin determination based on terbium (III)‐sensitized fluoroquinolone–KBrO3 reaction

“…The presence of such complexes was confirmed in solutions of pH above 5. [ 12,24–26 ] No luminescence of Tb(III) ions in strongly acidic pH solutions at the excitation wavelengths typical for FQs, and the observation of emission in the chemiluminescent systems studied, implied that in the reaction systems, the process of excitation of uncomplexed lanthanide ions involved the excited products of fluoroquinolone oxidation (Scheme 1). Kinetic curves for all FQ–Tb(III)–KBrO 3 –H 2 SO 4 systems (Figure 2) show that maximum emission was reached in 10–20 sec.…”

Synthesizing, Structuring, and Characterizing Bioactivities of .Cr(III), La(III), and Ce(III) .Complexes with Nitrogen, Oxygen .and Sulpher donor bidentate Schiff base ligands

“…The absorption peaks of the [La complexes of LS and LA] solutions in DMSO showed well resolved bands at [342,323 and 280 nm] for LaLS and [348,337 and 291 nm] for LaLA transitions, respectively. The isolated CeLS complex showed all expected bands at [384,343,325 and 282 nm], which are assigned to F→F, LS→Ce, n-π* and π-π* transitions, respectively 18,19 . The CeLA complex spectrum displayed bands at [388,350,339 and 295 nm], due to F→F, LS→Ce, n-π* and π-π* transitions, respectively )10,17,20(.…”

State of the art methods and challenges of luminescent metal–organic frameworks for antibiotic detection

“…[16][17][18] To date, various types of luminescence materials have been implemented in the detection of antibiotics. [19][20][21][22][23] In recent times, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been a vigorous manifestation of crystalline-extended materials constructed by the coordination assembly of metal cations/clusters and organic ligands. MOFs have a wealth of advantages with high surface area, molecularor atomic-level modulability, preferable designability, and structural diversity, resulting in their potential applications in gas sorption, 24,25 chemical sensors, 26,27 heterogeneous catalysts, 28,29 and biomolecular immobilization.…”