Quiet Eye and Choking

Vine, Samuel J.; Lee, Don; Moore, Lee J.; Wilson, Mark R.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31829406c7

Cited by 61 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…To further advance our understanding of the processes underpinning this relationship, we sought to test a three-stage model: Does goal-directed planning further mediate this perception-performance effect? Specifically, we predicted that biases in the perception of the target hole would influence subsequent motor planning (Glover, 2002) that occurs while the performer fixates the ball (Vickers, 1992), and that this, in turn, would bias performance (Moore et al, 2012;Vickers, 1992;Wilson & Pearcey, 2009;Vine, Lee, et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quiet eye was operationally defined for golf putting as the final fixation toward the ball prior to the initiation of the backswing, and its duration as the time between the onset and offset of this fixation (as in Moore et al, 2012;Vickers, 2007;Vine, Lee, Moore, & Wilson, 2013a;Wilson & Pearcey, 2009). Quiet eye onset occurred before the backswing began, and quiet eye offset occurred when the gaze deviated off the ball location by 1º or more for greater than 100 ms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of visual illusions on perception, action planning, and motor performance

Wood

Vine

Wilson

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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The present study extended recent research revealing that illusions can influence performance in golf putting (Witt, Linkenauger, & Proffitt Psychological Science, 23, 397-399, 2012), by exploring the potential mediating roles of attention and action planning. Glover and Dixon's (Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance, 27, 560-572, 2001) planning-control model suggests that both perceptual and movement-planning processes are prone to illusion-based bias. We therefore predicted that both the perception of target size and a measure of attentional control related to movement planning in golf putting (the quiet eye) would be influenced by the illusion. Moreover, as performance could not be corrected using online control (once the ball was struck), we predicted that these biases would also influence performance. We therefore proposed a three-stage process by which illusory context biases perceptual processes, which in turn bias subsequent attentional control related to movement planning, which in turn biases motor performance. Forty novice golfers completed an Ebbinghaus illusion putting task that was designed to manipulate their perceptions of target size, while quiet eye duration and performance (mean radial error) were measured. The results indicated that the illusion was effective in facilitating differences in perceived target size, with perceptually bigger holes promoting longer quiet eye durations and more accurate putting. Follow-up mediation analyses revealed that illusion-based differences in size perception partially mediated illusion-based differences in both quiet eye duration and performance. Moreover, the relationship between illusion-based differences in quiet eye duration and performance was also significant. Future research should further test this three-stage process of bias in other far-aiming tasks in which online control cannot be used.Keywords Titchener circles . Quiet eye . Size perception . Movement planning . Online control Illusions provide an interesting means to examine the larger issue of how the central nervous system codes and uses visual information for different types of cognitive and motor tasks (Mendoza, Hansen, Glazebrook, Keetch, & Elliott, 2005). Recently, Witt and colleagues explored the impact of an illusory visual context on golf-putting performance (Witt, Linkenhauger, & Proffitt, 2012). Specifically, an Ebbinghaus illusion around the target hole (see Fig. 1) was effective at inducing significant differences in perceptions of target size and in subsequent putting performance: Participants holed significantly more putts when they were putting to a perceptually bigger hole. The aim of the present study was to elucidate potential mechanisms underpinning the illusion effect shown by Witt et al., using Glover and Dixon's (2001) planning-control model as a theoretical framework. We hoped that such research might help further our understanding of how perceptual and attentional processes mediate performance variability in far-aiming tasks like...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of visual illusions on perception, action planning, and motor performance

Wood

Vine

Wilson

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For the subcomponents of the quiet eye period, no outcome-related differences were predicted for QE-preprograming (Vine et al 2013), whereas longer durations of QE-online (Vine et al 2013) and QE-dwell (Vickers 1992, 2004, 2007; Vine et al 2013) were predicted for low-RE compared to high-RE putts. With regard to the role of preprograming, it is predicted that the longer putts will require longer QE-preprograming duration compared to shorter putts (Williams et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In golf putting, it is thought that an effective quiet eye period consists of: (1) a single, long, continuous fixation on the back of the ball; (2) an onset before backswing; (3) a continued fixation through the backstroke, forestroke and contact; (4) a dwell time after contact (Vickers 2007; Vine et al 2013). It is suggested that prioritising task-relevant visuo-spatial information for skill execution during the final fixation leads to a reduction in cortical resources associated with analytical processing and attention to irrelevant sensory cues (Vickers 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quiet eye facilitates sensorimotor preprograming and online control of precision aiming in golf putting

et al. 2016

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An occlusion protocol was used to elucidate the respective roles of preprograming and online control during the quiet eye period of golf putting. Twenty-one novice golfers completed golf putts to 6-ft and 11-ft targets under full vision or with vision occluded on initiation of the backswing. Radial error (RE) was higher, and quiet eye was longer, when putting to the 11-ft versus 6-ft target, and in the occluded versus full vision condition. Quiet eye durations, as well as preprograming, online and dwell durations, were longer in low-RE compared to high-RE trials. The preprograming component of quiet eye was significantly longer in the occluded vision condition, whereas the online and dwell components were significantly longer in the full vision condition. These findings demonstrate an increase in preprograming when vision is occluded. However, this was not sufficient to overcome the need for online visual control during the quiet eye period. These findings suggest the quiet eye period is composed of preprograming and online control elements; however, online visual control of action is critical to performance.

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“…Moreover, current approaches 7 to training gaze patterns have emphasised investigation of universal 'optimal' search strategies 8 for a given task [5,6]. In contrast, a number of coordination researchers have proposed a 9 requirement to move away from 'one-size fits all' interventions towards understanding of 10 how individualised movement patterns emerge for a given task [7]. Thus, at face value, there 11 are two different conceptualisations of expertise and learning in the perceptual-motor 12 literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping an Eye on Noisy Movements: On Different Approaches to Perceptual-Motor Skill Research and Training

et al. 2016

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Quiet Eye and Choking

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

The impact of visual illusions on perception, action planning, and motor performance

The impact of visual illusions on perception, action planning, and motor performance

Quiet eye facilitates sensorimotor preprograming and online control of precision aiming in golf putting

Keeping an Eye on Noisy Movements: On Different Approaches to Perceptual-Motor Skill Research and Training

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