Quick response sprinklers in office configurations :

Walton, William D.; Budnick, Edward K.

doi:10.6028/nbs.ir.88-3695

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…For the selection of the grid size, we applicate the relationship between the grid cell size and the characteristic diameter of the fire. The value of this relationship is recommended to be between 4 and 16 [26][27] and in our case, was 5.5, using a cell size of 0.25 m. The ignition source was a computer work station consisted of a computer desk and a book case each constructed of 16 mm thick particle board covered with a simulated wood, plastic laminate, with a peak of heat release rate of 2.48 MW [28]. It was considered that other materials don`t contribute to the fire due to the activation of the sprinklers.…”

Section: Preliminary Analysis Of the Available Safe Egress Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of a Change on the Size of the Smoke Compartment in the Evacuation of Health Care Facilities

et al. 2017

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Evacuation in health-care facilities is complex due to the physical impairment of the patients. This kind of evacuation usually requires the assistance of the workforce members. A proposed change of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, would increase the maximum allowable size of a smoke compartment (a space within the building enclosed by smoke barriers on all sides that restricts the movement of smoke) in health-care occupancies from 2,090 m2 to 3,700 m 2 , almost double the size. This study aims to analyse the impact of this change in the required time for evacuating patients during a fire in order to understand the consequences of that potential change. This paper is focused on the area where the patient's rooms are located. The evacuation scenario is a floor plan comprised of four smoke compartments. To analyse the proposed change, the smoke barriers between two adjacent compartments were removed in a floor plan and three ratios of number of patients per one staff member were considered (4:1, 3:1 and 2:1). A computational methodology was conducted to calibrate the model STEPS for simulating assisted evacuation processes. In addition, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) was used to simulate the fire and smoke spread in a table and a PC to compare fire and evacuation results The evacuation results show that the change of the smoke compartment size increases the mean evacuation time by 23%; however, the fire results show that the available safe egress time is 16 min for both smaller and large smoke compartment. The ratio of the number of patients per staff member is also a strong factor that increases the evacuation up to 82% when comparing the ratios of 2 patients per staff member and 4 patients per staff member. BLIND Manuscript without contact information Click here to view linked References

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Section: Preliminary Analysis Of the Available Safe Egress Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of a Change on the Size of the Smoke Compartment in the Evacuation of Health Care Facilities

et al. 2017

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“…Only those features of the experiments which were essential to this objective will be included here. For a comprehensive description of the overall test program the reader is referred to [1].…”

Section: General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of the link is characterized by the RTI (response time index). The RTI of a particular link is a measure of its rate-oftemperature change when immersed in a relatively uniform-velocity, uniform-temperature stream [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test Results And Predictions For The Repsonse Of Near-ceiling Sprinkler Links In A Full-scale Compartment Fire

Cooper¹,

Stroup²

1989

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 2nd International Symp

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Data acquired during tests involving full-scale, sprinklered, compartment fires are presented and analyzed. Attention is focused on key features of the typical sprinkler link deployment/response problem. It is found that the elevated-temperature, smoke layer which develops inevitably in compartment fires can have a major impact on the thermal response of sprinkler links. It is shown that traditionally accepted methods of predicting sprinkler link response which do not account for this upper layer can be totally inadequate. Link response predictions used here involve a method of calculation which does take account of the smoke layer. Favorable comparisons between predictions and experiment are obtained and further validation of the method is recommended. Finally, it is found that sprinkler link-to-ceiling spacing can have a significant effect on the thermal response of links and it is recommended that a method which accounts for this effect be developed and validated.

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“…In consultation with the sponsor and an ad hoc advisory committee, six options utilizing quick response sprinklers were selected for inclusion in this study. These options are as follows, with the locations of the automatic sprinklers shown in figure 3: 1) two quick response pendent sprinklers on the ceiling, one above the foot of each patient bed at locations S2 and S4; 2) one quick response extended coverage (QR-EC) pendent sprinkler on the ceiling in the center of the room at location S3; 3) two quick response sidewall sprinklers on the south wall, one over the head of each patient bed at locations Sll and S12; 4) two quick response sidewall sprinklers on the north wall, one across from the foot of each patient bed at locations S5 and S7; 5) one quick response extended coverage sidewall sprinkler on the east wall furthest from the fire at location SI; 6) two concealed quick response pendent sprinklers on the ceiling, one above the foot of each patient bed, at locations S9 and S10.…”

Section: Automatic Sprinklersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of room conditions and response of sprinklers and smoke detectors during a simulated two-bed hospital patient room fire

1993

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Quick response sprinklers in office configurations :

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of a Change on the Size of the Smoke Compartment in the Evacuation of Health Care Facilities

The Impact of a Change on the Size of the Smoke Compartment in the Evacuation of Health Care Facilities

Test Results And Predictions For The Repsonse Of Near-ceiling Sprinkler Links In A Full-scale Compartment Fire

Measurement of room conditions and response of sprinklers and smoke detectors during a simulated two-bed hospital patient room fire

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