Quick report on prevalence of shrimp microsporidian parasite <i>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</i>
 in India

Karthikeyan, K.; Mani, Ravi; Itami, Toshiaki; Sudhakaran, R.

doi:10.1111/are.13078

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In recent years, an increasing number of important aquatic microsporidia, such as Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei , Enterospora canceri , and Hepatospora eriocheir , and also an important zoonotic pathogen of humans, E. bieneusi have been classified in this clade. E. bieneusi is closely related to E. hepatopenaei that infects the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei ( Tourtip et al., 2009 ; Kesavan et al., 2017 ). This close relationship attracts attention to the research focused on Microsporidia in aquatic crustaceans, which may be a possible evolutionary origin of E. bieneusi ( Stentiford et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of the Parasite Enterocytospora artemiae From Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)—First Report in Asia

Jiang

Chen

Bao

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Chinese grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis) is an economically important crustacean in Chinese aquaculture. Recently, we found that shrimp in Panjin city were infected with microsporidia, a group of fungi. The hepatopancreas of several infected shrimp showed white turbidity and pathological changes that negatively affected the health and appearance of the shrimp. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the development of the parasite within its parasitophorous vacuole. Our results indicated that microsporidia developed asynchronously within the same parasitophorous vacuole. The spores were predominantly small, and rod or oval-shaped. The sizes of fresh spores were approximately 3.1 × 2.4 μm and fixed spores were 1.9 × 1.1 μm. The polar filament was isofilar with 5–6 coils and the thickness was 103.2 nm. Merogonial divisions occurred by binary fission and sporogonial division occurred by plasmotomy. The small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence (1295 bp) from the parasite was highly similar to the previously reported parasite Enterocytospora artemiae (99% nucleotide identity, JX915760). Using maximum likelihood to analyze the phylogenetic relationships, we found that this microsporidian should be grouped within Clade IV, an Enterocytospora-like clade, of the Microsporidia phylum. Based on this parasite’s life cycle characteristics, morphology, and small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence, the parasite described here is likely E. artemiae, which has previously only been described in Europe and North America. Thus, this is the first report of E. artemiae both in Asia and economically important shrimp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of the Parasite Enterocytospora artemiae From Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)—First Report in Asia

Jiang

Chen

Bao

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…EHP‐infected adult shrimp were collected from shrimp culture ponds (reported to show symptoms such as white faecal matter and stunted growth) located at Gangapatnam village, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India (14.5247° N, 80.1547° E) for preparing the infection inoculum. EHP‐infected adult L. vannamei were used to prepare tissue homogenate (Maddox & Solter, ; Sundaram et al, ); the infected status of the adult shrimps was confirmed through PCR (Kesavan et al, ). Briefly, an EHP‐positive adult shrimp (whole animal) was homogenized in NaCl–Tris–EDTA buffer (0.2 M NaCl, 0.02 M Tris–HCl and 0.02 EDTA, pH 7.4) at the ratio of 1:10.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular confirmation was obtained by sequencing followed by PCR‐gel detection (Kesavan et al, ). The primers were designed using a previously reported SSU rRNA gene (Gene bank accession no: ), and the details of oligonucleotides are shown in Table .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, EHP was reported in Penaeus monodon and observed in Thai‐cultivated Litopenaeus vannamei (Tangprasittipap et al, ). Subsequently, the prevalence of EHP was reported in Vietnam and India (Kesavan, Mani, Toshiaki, & Sudhakaran, ; Tang et al, ). Studies have shown that EHP infection causes considerable growth retardation; thus, EHP, a microsporidian parasite, has resulted in losses of almost 7.4 million USD in recent years (Anonymous report: https://www.thefishsite.com).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental horizontal transmission of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in post‐larvae of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Karthikeyan

Sudhakaran

2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a microsporidian parasite that causes hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in penaeid shrimp. HPM was observed in several countries, including Thailand and India; it has become a prominent pathogen in shrimp culture. Based on observations on EHP infection in the wild, the route of transmission has been hypothesized. Identification of artificial EHP infection procedures can facilitate our understanding of EHP transmission. Experimental transmission of EHP was attempted using the immersion and oral infections of infection. In the immersion mode, post‐larvae (PL) were exposed to an EHP tissue homogenate (0.2%) by immersion for 48 hr. Experimental samples were collected at various time points, and infection was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction, haematoxylin and eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy and modified trichrome staining. All test results revealed successful EHP transmission. Similar results were obtained through oral infection (oral infection). Innate immune gene expression patterns during infection were analysed; prophenoloxidase, crustin and superoxide dismutase were upregulated at 6, 6 and 48 hr post‐challenge, respectively. Experimental infection procedures facilitate the development of diagnostic and prevention strategies. This is the first study demonstrating the experimental transmission of EHP in shrimp PL.

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“…EHP infection is currently prevalent and is one of the most severe and undesirable problems occurring in shrimp culture. Because even if it only produces a low or even non-fatal mortality rate, shrimp that survive after the EHP attack cannot grow optimally until the end of the harvest, so that resulting in considerable economic losses due to inadequate production performance and increased feed conversion ratio (Tourtip et al, 2009;Ha et al, 2010;Tangprasittipap et al, 2013;Sritunyalucksana et al, 2014;Tang et al, 2015;Rajendran et al, 2016;Kesavan et al, 2016;Thitamadee et al, 2016). Therefore, shrimp fries must be screened prior to stocking and during cultivation period (Suebsing et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characteristics of Indonesian Isolate <i>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</i> Based on Sequence Analysis of 18S rRNA Genes

et al. 2019

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Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection have been reported as an obstacle of whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture in Indonesia. However, understanding of the molecular characteristics of EHP species in Indonesia is not widely known. The aims of this study were to determine the identity and characters of DNA, and their phylogeny of EHP species from several different locations in Indonesia with specific references to 18S rRNA gene. The EHPs were collected from cultured P.vannamei from Lampung, Pangandaran, Sidoarjo, Banyuwangi, Probolinggo, Blitar, Makassar, and Lombok. Thirteen (13) samples were randomly selected to explore their gene characters through 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The primers used were EHP_F and EHP_1R. Parameter observed were DNA sequencing, nucleotide sequence homology with related available genes in the Gen Bank database, multiple sequence alignment, and reconstruction of genetic relationship trees. DNA sequence homology analysis showed that all samples had 99.89-100% similarity to Indian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (Accession Number MH259890.1 and MH260592.1). The alignment results illustrated that all EHP sequences of Indonesian isolates were 100% identical each other. The phylogenetic tree topology provided information that all sample accessions were in the same clade and spread evenly. The conclusion were that the Indonesian EHP species were identical (100%) and it could be said that they were genetically homogeneous. Keywords: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, 18S rRNA gene, Indonesia.

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Quick report on prevalence of shrimp microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in India

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Isolation of the Parasite Enterocytospora artemiae From Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)—First Report in Asia

Isolation of the Parasite Enterocytospora artemiae From Chinese Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes sinensis)—First Report in Asia

Experimental horizontal transmission of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in post‐larvae of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Molecular Characteristics of Indonesian Isolate <i>Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei</i> Based on Sequence Analysis of 18S rRNA Genes

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