Questions of Dry Valleys in Karst: Case Study of Mali Dol, Kras (Slovenia)

Abstract

V članku je predstavljena su�a dolina Mali dol, ki je ena izmed su�i� dolin, ki prečkajo 45 km dolgo in do 15 km široko uravnavo Krasa. Mali dol je 10 km dolga in med 50 in 75 metrov globoka su�a dolina, ki meandrira po Komenskem Krasu v prečnodinarski smeri prečno na vse reliefne in geološke strukture. Zaradi sedimenta in debelejše odeje prsti so se v dno dolinaste oblike poglobile globoke in velike korozijske vrtače. Te vrtače so večje in globlje od vrtač na sosednjem, uravnanem kraškem površju. Lokalno pretrte cone, komenski ploščati apnenci z roženci in debela odeja sedimenta dovoljujejo površinsko odtekanje vode s pobočij v dno doline. Na nekateri� mesti� so se zato oblikovali globoki in strmi erozijski jarki. Geomorfološke značilnosti, starost dolinske oblike in debelina sedimenta govorijo o poligenetskem nastanku su�e doline. Oblika je nastala med uravnavanjem platoja v višini piezometričnega nivoja.

Geomorphological significance of the palaeodrainage network on a karst plateau: The Una–Korana plateau, Dinaric karst, Croatia

“…It is widely accepted that the pre-karstification phase is characterised by fluvial erosion until a sufficient increase of the permeability of karst rocks occurs (Smart, 1988;Smart and Worthington, 2003), and that valleys on karst primarily arise as a result of fluvial erosion (e.g. Warwick, 1964;Smith, 1975;Day, 1983a,b;Mills and Starnes, 1983;Veress, 2000;Hevesi, 2001;Bočić, 2003a;Košutnik, 2007). With ongoing karstification, the superficial hydrographic network begins to disintegrate and starts to reorganise underground (Ford and Williams, 2007).…”

Relict drainage effects on distribution and morphometry of karst depressions: a casestudy from central Taurus (Turkey)

“…Karst valleys are called as dry valley, relict valley, ancient valley, fossil valley, solution valley, paleovalley, paleokarst valley in different studies (Fermor, 1972;Day, 1983;Doğan and Özel, 2005;Sauro, 2013). Originally, these valleys have evolved as normal valleys due to fluvial erosion in the "pre-karst phase" of surface development (Dreybrodt and Gabrovšek, 2003;Košutnik, 2007). Then, the surface drainage started to form an underground drainage network due to joints and fractures, as a result of tectonic uplift (Monod et al, 2006;Bočić et al, 2015).…”

“…Although karst plateaus are a variant of the fluvial, geomorphological system (Ford et al, 1988), these plateaus are characterized by a lack of surface drainage. As a result, solution depressions and relict valleys have been formed by a combination of karst and fluvial processes (Košutnik, 2007;Sauro, 2013); the development of these two landforms is strictly related (Day, 1983;Segura et al, 2007). In this study, the spatial distribution of karst depressions and relict valleys, and the effects of relict valleys on depression morphometry are investigated on the Ermenek Plateau, based on GIS tools.…”

Fluvio-karstic evolution of the Taşeli Plateau (Central Taurus, Turkey)

“…Dolines (enclosed depressions) and karstic dry valleys, also called relict valleys, ancient valleys, fossil valleys, solution valleys, paleovalleys, and paleokarst valleys in various studies (Fermor, 1972;Day, 1983;Doğan and Özel, 2005;Sauro, 2013) are characteristic landforms of the high karstic plateaus in the Central Taurus Mountains (Nazik, 1992;Monod et al, 2006;Doğan et al, 2017;Öztürk et al, 2018b). Karst valleys evolved as normal valleys due to fluvial erosion in the "prekarst phase" of surface development (Dreybrodt and Gabrovšek, 2003;Košutnik, 2007) and date from the Miocene to Pliocene in the Taurus mountains (Monod et al, 2006). Then, surface drainage began to form an underground drainage network due to joints and fractures created by tectonic uplift (Monod et al, 2006;Bočić et al, 2015).…”

“…These processes are described as the "reorganization of drainage by karstification" by Williams (1982). As a result, solution dolines and relict valleys were formed by a combination of karst and fluvial processes (Košutnik, 2007;Sauro, 2013), and the development of these 2 landforms is strongly related with each other (Day, 1983;Segura et al, 2007;Haryono et al, 2017). Therefore, a hypothesis can be formulated regarding the evolution of karst systems by means of the morphometric properties of these landforms.…”