Question–behaviour effect: A randomised controlled trial of asking intention in the interrogative or declarative form

Godin, Gaston; Bélanger-Gravel, Ariane; Vézina‐Im, Lydi‐Anne; Amireault, Steve; Bilodeau, A

doi:10.1080/08870446.2012.671617

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…relative to the declarative form used in the present study (i.e. I will …) (Godin, Bélanger-Gravel, Vézina-Im, Amireault, & Bilodeau, 2012). However, it is as yet unknown whether these differences are driven by differential effects on attitude accessibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Why does asking questions change health behaviours? The mediating role of attitude accessibility

Wood

Conner

Sandberg

et al. 2013

Psychology & Health

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ObjectiveThe question-behaviour effect (QBE) refers to the finding that measuring behavioural intentions increases performance of the relevant behaviour. This effect has been used to change health behaviours. The present research asks why the QBE occurs and evaluates one possible mediator – attitude accessibility.DesignUniversity staff and students (N = 151) were randomly assigned to an intention measurement condition where they reported their intentions to eat healthy foods, or to one of two control conditions.Main outcome measuresParticipants completed a response latency measure of attitude accessibility, before healthy eating behaviour was assessed unobtrusively using an objective measure of snacking.ResultsIntention measurement participants exhibited more accessible attitudes towards healthy foods, and were more likely to choose a healthy snack, relative to control participants. Furthermore, attitude accessibility mediated the relationship between intention measurement and behaviour.ConclusionThis research demonstrates that increased attitude accessibility may explain the QBE, extending the findings of previous research to the domain of health behaviour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Why does asking questions change health behaviours? The mediating role of attitude accessibility

Wood

Conner

Sandberg

et al. 2013

Psychology & Health

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“…No psychological techniques have yet been formally identified for considering the influence of the moral norm in an intervention [97]. Also, it has been shown that interventions that aim to manipulate moral norms can be counterproductive because of a “boomerang effect” that arises when a person perceives that his or her freedom is threatened by social pressure [98,99]. Health professionals could thus simply be invited to explain to women why moral values are at stake in the decision, so that they can subsequently discuss this and clarify the decision in light of the woman’s moral principles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Psychosocial Factors and Health Literacy in Pregnant Women’s Intention to Use a Decision Aid for Down Syndrome Screening: A Theory-Based Web Survey

et al. 2016

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BackgroundDeciding about undergoing prenatal screening is difficult, as it entails risks, potential loss and regrets, and challenges to personal values. Shared decision making and decision aids (DAs) can help pregnant women give informed and values-based consent or refusal to prenatal screening, but little is known about factors influencing the use of DAs.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify the influence of psychosocial factors on pregnant women’s intention to use a DA for prenatal screening for Down syndrome (DS). We also added health literacy variables to explore their influence on pregnant women’s intention.MethodsWe conducted a survey of pregnant women in the province of Quebec (Canada) using a Web panel. Eligibility criteria included age >18 years, >16 weeks pregnant, low-risk pregnancy, and having decided about prenatal screening for the current pregnancy. We collected data based on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behavior assessing 7 psychosocial constructs (intention, attitude, anticipated regret, subjective norm, descriptive norm, moral norm, and perceived control), 3 related sets of beliefs (behavioral, normative, and control beliefs), 4 health literacy variables, and sociodemographics. Eligible women watched a video depicting the behavior of interest before completing a Web-based questionnaire. We performed descriptive, bivariate, and ordinal logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the 383 eligible pregnant women who agreed to participate, 350 pregnant women completed the Web-based questionnaire and 346 were retained for analysis (completion rate 350/383, 91.4%; mean age 30.1, SD 4.3, years). In order of importance, factors influencing intention to use a DA for prenatal screening for DS were attitude (odds ratio, OR, 9.16, 95% CI 4.02-20.85), moral norm (OR 7.97, 95% CI 4.49-14.14), descriptive norm (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.63-4.92), and anticipated regret (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.71-3.46). Specific attitudinal beliefs significantly related to intention were that using a DA would reassure them (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.73-4.01), facilitate their reflections with their spouse (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05-2.29), and let them know about the advantages of doing or not doing the test (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.05-2.24). Health literacy did not add to the predictive power of our model (P values range .43-.92).ConclusionsImplementation interventions targeting the use of a DA for prenatal screening for DS by pregnant women should address a number of modifiable factors, especially by introducing the advantages of using the DA (attitude), informing pregnant women that they might regret not using it (anticipated regret), and presenting the use of DAs as a common practice (descriptive norm). However, interventions on moral norms related to the use of DA should be treated with caution. Further studies that include populations with low health literacy are needed before decisive claims can be made.

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“…They observed that the former led to a better performance in anagram solving (Experiments 1 and 2) and an increase in the intention to exercise (Experiments 3 and 4) in cross-sectional studies. Godin, Bélanger-Gravel, Vézina-Im, Amireault and Bilodeau (2012) showed that interrogative (vs. declarative) intention questions significantly increased self-reported physical activity in a sample of students. Conner, Sandberg, Jackson, Godin, and Sheeran (in preparation) reported interrogative (compared to declarative) intention questions to increase objectively assessed attendance for cervical screening.…”

Section: Intervention Employedmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The meta-analytic review focuses on the influence of methodological moderators that have received little attention from previous reviews. Whereas previous meta-analyses focused on health behaviours (Rodrigues et al, 2015) or tested underlying mechanisms (Wood Godin et al (2008Godin et al ( , 2012) Charity donation Sherman (1980) study 1; Spangenberg and Sprott (2006) study 2 Other behaviours Voting Greenwald et al (1987) study 1; Nickerson and Rogers (2010) Stereotyping Spangenberg and Greenwald (1999) studies 1 and 2 Mailing letters Chapman (2001) et al, 2016), the present review considers how methodological factors influence the magnitude of the QBE literature as a whole. In addition, the review focuses attention on differences between studies of desirable and undesirable behaviours in relation to the QBE.…”

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confidence: 99%

The question-behaviour effect: A theoretical and methodological review and meta-analysis

Wilding

Conner

Sandberg

et al. 2016

European Review of Social Psychology

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Question–behaviour effect: A randomised controlled trial of asking intention in the interrogative or declarative form

Abstract: Results suggest that self-posed questions about a future action increases the likelihood of doing it when these questions are not accompanied by measures of moral norm. This provides support for using introspective self-talk to favour the adoption of behaviour.

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Why does asking questions change health behaviours? The mediating role of attitude accessibility

Why does asking questions change health behaviours? The mediating role of attitude accessibility

Role of Psychosocial Factors and Health Literacy in Pregnant Women’s Intention to Use a Decision Aid for Down Syndrome Screening: A Theory-Based Web Survey

The question-behaviour effect: A theoretical and methodological review and meta-analysis

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