Quest for purposefully designed conceptualization of the country-of-origin image construct

In search of tools for the use of country image (CI) in the brand

“…Most of the literature on CI is focused on the behaviour of the final consumer (Usunier, 2006;Peterson & Jolibert, 1995;Carneiro & Faria, 2016). The framework that we propose in this article has the company as the unit of analysis.…”

“…This paper seeks to provide a new approach to the Country Image (CI) literature by analysing CI as a valuable resource to the firm. Our goal is to advance knowledge and the CI literature by taking the viewpoint of firms rather than consumers, as most of the existing CI research is focused on consumer behaviour (Usunier, 2006;Peterson & Jolibert, 1995;Carneiro & Faria, 2016). Given the scarcity of research of CI from the standpoint of the supplier (Berveland & Lingreen, 2002;Samiee, 2010;Cuervo-Cazzura & Un, 2015), it is necessary to use new methods and variables to explore the subject from this perspective (Roth & Diamantopoulos, 2009;IMR, 2015).…”

Country-of-origin image (COI) as a country-specific advantage (CSA): Scale development and validation of COI as a resource within the firm perspective

“…To the best of our knowledge, there is no academic quantitative study that analyses the COI as a resource for internationalised firms. COI investigations have focussed on analysis from a consumer behaviour perspective (Carneiro & Faria, 2016;Peterson & Jolibert, 1995;Usunier, 2006) and offer little information related to strategy (Morello, 2014;Roth & Diamantopoulos, 2009;Samiee, 2010). From the strategic perspective, existing studies analysing COI as a resource provide only an exploratory construct evaluation through a qualitative or conceptual approach (Agrawal & Kamakura, 1999;Baker & Ballington;orđević, 2008;Chattopadhyay, Batra, & Ozsomer, 2012;Cuervo-Cazurra & Un, 2015;D'Antone & Merunka, 2015;Herstein, Berger, & Jaffe, 2014;Kumar & Steenkamp, 2013;Spence & Hamzaoui Essoussi, 2010;Suter et al, 2017).…”

Product-country image and crises in the Spanish horticultural sector: Classification and impact on the market

“…The country of origin effect is rooted in consumers' image of the quality of specific products marketed by firms related to a country of origin (Wang et al, 2012;Carneiro and Faria, 2016). This image has been referred to as product-country image and may be based on actual product experience, but also on information gathered through advertising and other sources of product information, including word-ofmouth (Berger, 2014), articles in the news press (Verbeke and Ward, 2001;Verlegh et al, 2005) and social media (Gaspar et al, 2014).…”