Quelques traces du passage du temps dans le parler des Montréalais, 1971–1984

Abstract

RÉSUMÉÀ partir de deux ensembles de données recueillies principalement auprés des mêmes locuteurs à 13 ans d'intervalle, le cheminement de cinq marqueurs discursifs dans la communauté francophone de Montréal est analysé. II s'agit de alors, tu-sais, je-veux-dire, tu-sais-veux-dire et disons. L'alternance des formes restrictives juste, rien que et seulement est aussi examinée. Les résultats obtenus montrent clairement que la différenciation selon l'âge observée à partir de données synchroniques peut (a) correspondre à des emplois qui se modifient au cours de la vie des locuteurs: c'est le cas de alors dont le taux augmente en vieillissant; (b) indiquer un changement en cours: c'est le cas de tu-sais qui a connu une augmentation significative entre les deux années, et de juste qui tend a supplanter les autres variantes; (c) traduire une mode associée à une génération spécifique (cf. disons). Par ailleurs, certaines variables connaissent une progression importante dans la communauté sans être associées à un sousgroupe social particulier (le marqueur tu-sais-veux-dire).

Variation in the use of discourse markers in a language contact situation

“…Only two other speakers, Glenda and Liz, used a rate of more than 1 per minute. Without going so far as to say that normal speech production is necessarily accompanied by some particular rate of discourse marker use, it is nevertheless clear that speakers producing less than 1 marker per minute are so far below their range in their native language and so far outside of the range of native speakers (Thibault & Daveluy, 1989) that they must be rated as having a distinctive -we would say, clearly less colloquialcommand of the language. Next we explored how our speakers' differential ability to use discourse markers related to the independent variables under consideration.…”

“…Alors, on the other hand, does have an English equivalent (so), and as a conjunction it is found in written French and would certainly occur in the school French to which L2 students are exposed. Two studies on this alternation in LI Montreal French (Dessureault-Dober, 1974;Thibault & Daveluy, 1989) have shown a clear social class division: alors is favored by speakers occupying higher positions on the social scale, whereas fait que tends to be used by working-class speakers. Indeed in Dessureault-Dober's study of two groups of 12 speakers at the social extremes in the 1971 Montreal corpus, there was a complementary distribution between the two forms according to the social status of the speaker.…”

Language change across the lifespan: /r/ in Montreal French

“…These projects, designed mainly as TREND STUDIES, in which communities that had been studied a decade or more previously were resampled, include Brink & Lund 1979, Cedergren 1988, Trudgill 1988, Thibault & Daveluy 1989, Ashby 2001, Blake & Josey 2003, and Josey 2004. A second type of longitudinal study is the PANEL STUDY, in which the same individuals are followed across time.…”

Variation og udvikling i franske pronomener:<br> "On", "nous", "nous, on" i forskellige slags talt fransk - hvordan gribes problematikken an i praksis?

“…3 De første sociolingvistiske undersøgelser i 1960'erne og 1970'erne havde ikke mulighed for at sammenligne med aeldre båndoptagne data og måtte nøjes med apparent time data, men i tidens løb er real time studier i stigende grad blevet mulige Uf. Mees 1983, Trudgill 1988, Thibault & Daveluy 1989, Hansen 1998, Hansen & Malderez 2004, Gregersen 2009 Med hensyn til variationens sammenhaeng med sociale parametre er dette naturligvis noget der er vanskeligt at undersøge til bunds i en begraenset undersøgelse. Jeg har i det eksisterende korpusmateriale mulighed for at modstille to typer talende ud fra deres tilknytning til det franske uddannelsessystem: Der er dels talende med universitetsbaggrund, dels talende med en kort teknisk professionsuddannelse.…”