Quaterthiophenediphosphonic acid (QDP): a rigid, electron-rich building block for zirconium-based multilayers

Metal Phosphonates Applied to Biotechnologies: A Novel Approach to Oligonucleotide Microarrays

“…This chemistry has been used to prepare organized organic films for topics that include nonlinear optics, electron transfer, and electrochemical sensing. [34,[51][52][53][54] While multilayered structures can be achieved by cycling the alternate layer process, an active surface is generated by binding Zr 4 + ions to a phosphate or phosphonate monolayer, as indicated in the scheme in Figure 5. This surface can subsequently be used to adsorb another layer of an organophosphonate or phosphate that deposits as a type of self-assembled monolayer.…”

“…[41] Our groups have used this chemistry to form monolayer films of organophosphonates with organic groups ranging from simple alkanes [41] to azobenzene, [45] tetrathiafulvalene, [55] phenoxy and biphenoxy groups, [43] and porphyrins. [46] The zirconium phosphonate-modified surfaces can be prepared in different ways, but often involve binding of Zr 4 + ions to phosphorylated groups deposited onto silica [50,51,54,[56][57][58][59][60][61] or gold ( Figure 6). [52,54,56,57,62] Our experience is that exceptionally smooth and uniform films can be gener- Chem.…”

Manganese porphyrin multilayer films assembled on ITO electrodes via zirconium phosphonate chemistry: chemical and electrochemical catalytic oxidation activity

“…Upon immobilization of 2 on glass and ITO, the Soret band shifted from 458 to 463 nm. Given the prior reports on zirconium phosphonate multilayers (quarterthiophene [31], poly(phenylenevinylene) [13], and free-base porphyrin [18]), it is reasonable to assume that this red-shift is caused by nearest neighbor interactions. Figure 1(b) shows a series of electronic absorption spectra of thin films of 2 (1-5 layers).…”

Fabrication of multilayer films of viologen on a glassy carbon electrode by bottom-up layer-by-layer assembly

“…Various techniques, including Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique [1,2], selfassembled monolayer (SAM) [3][4][5][6] and the layer-by-layer assembly [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] techniques have been developed and successfully applied. Among these, the bottom-up layer-by-layer assembly is nowadays attracting much interest, since the procedure is simple and has high potentials for designing well-structured novel molecular functionalities.…”

“…Among these, the bottom-up layer-by-layer assembly is nowadays attracting much interest, since the procedure is simple and has high potentials for designing well-structured novel molecular functionalities. Various types of interconnection between the layers have been utilized including covalent bond [7], ionic interactions [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and hydrogen bond [16]. Up to date, most of the work have devoted on the preparation of thin films on substrates such as ITO, metal and metal oxide electrodes by using this technique.…”