Quaternized poly (2.6 dimethyl – 1.4 phenylene oxide)/Polysulfone anion exchange membrane reinforced with graphene oxide for methanol alkaline fuel cell application

Nafion® reinforced with polyacrylonitrile/ZrO2 nanofibers for direct methanol fuel cell application

“…Methanol permeability at 80 °C temperature shows that PAN/ZrO 2 nanofiber membrane obtained a lower methanol permeability than recast Nafion®. This is due to the incorporation of PAN nanofibers that block the methanol crossover through the membrane and the incorporation of metal oxide that can act as a barrier to methanol within Nafion® membrane 14–15,30 . In addition, the decrease in methanol permeability may also be due to the very low permeation of water and methanol through PAN polymers 31 …”

“…This is due to the incorporation of PAN nanofibers that block the methanol crossover through the membrane and the incorporation of metal oxide that can act as a barrier to methanol within Nafion ® membrane. [14][15]30 In addition, the decrease in methanol permeability may also be due to the very low permeation of water and methanol through PAN polymers. 31 The selectivity of Nafion ® -PAN/ZrO 2 nanofiber membrane and recast Nafion ® membrane are shown in Figure 5(b).…”

“…13 Metal oxide, such as silica, zirconia (ZrO 2 ), zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and graphene oxide retain water molecules and thereby improving properties of the polyelectrolyte membrane buy retaining water molecules. 5,[14][15] The water molecules within these inorganic nanofillers do not evaporate when temperature in increased, which increase ion migration within the membrane. 5,[14][15] ZrO 2 maintains a high melting point and has both outstanding chemical stability and excellent mechanical properties.…”

“…5,[14][15] The water molecules within these inorganic nanofillers do not evaporate when temperature in increased, which increase ion migration within the membrane. 5,[14][15] ZrO 2 maintains a high melting point and has both outstanding chemical stability and excellent mechanical properties. 16 This may be due to their spherical phase and natural hydrophilicity, thus preventing sufficient water diffusion through the membrane.…”

“…These effects may be due to the low thermal plasticity of PAN 13 . Metal oxide, such as silica, zirconia (ZrO 2 ), zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and graphene oxide retain water molecules and thereby improving properties of the polyelectrolyte membrane buy retaining water molecules 5,14–15 . The water molecules within these inorganic nanofillers do not evaporate when temperature in increased, which increase ion migration within the membrane 5,14–15 .…”