Quaternary geology of the Osage Plains and Interior Highlands

Late Holocene aeolian activity in the Cimarron River valley of west–central Oklahoma

“…Throughout the Quaternary, these rivers have been migrating down a shallow regional slope toward the southwest (Madole et al, 1991). In the process, the rivers have left a sequence of terraces to the northeast while reworking older terrace deposits of antecedent systems.…”

Upper slope landforms and age of bedrock exposures in the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri: A comparison to relict periglacial features in the Appalachian Plateau of West Virginia

“…No modern evaluation of the possibility of periglacial landforms in the St. Francois Mountains has been performed. Several authors mention observations of block fields and block streams in the St. Francois Mountains as possible evidence of former periglacial conditions (Clark and Ciolkosz, 1988;Madole et al, 1991). These interpretations rely on earlier descriptions by Peltier (1950) and Wentworth (1935).…”

“…Peltier (1950) suggested boulder-strewn slopes, rubble deposits, rounded hilltops, smooth undissected or slightly dissected slopes, gravel terraces along the rivers, and poorly developed block fields as evidence of periglacial frost action in the St. Francois Mountains. Peltier also described coarse colluvium with reworked loess and fine-grained colluvial fans and sheets with reworked loess as accumulating via periglacial processes during the late Pleistocene (Madole et al, 1991). Similar rock streams on two mountains in western Arkansas contained botanical evidence for Holocene movement and thus are not relict periglacial landforms (Lookingbill et al, 1987).…”

“…The Ozark Highlands of Missouri and Arkansas and the Ouachita Highlands of Arkansas and Oklahoma have documented rock streams, boulder fields and other features that have been evaluated to determine possible periglacial origin (Clark and Ciolkosz, 1988;Lookingbill et al, 1987;Madole et al, 1991;Stone and McFarland, 1979). The St. Francois Mountains, in southeast Missouri, a relatively high elevation area close to pre-Wisconsin glacial boundaries, was chosen for this study as a setting most likely to contain periglacial landforms.…”

The lithology of Ogallala gravels and hunter‐gatherer procurement strategies along the Southern High Plains eastern escarpment of Texas, USA

“…The Rolling Plains has formed from the westward retreat of the Southern High Plains (Gustavson & Simpkins, 1989), and remnant Ogallala Formation gravels are found on divides across the Rolling Plains (Madole et al, 1991). Eolian sediments coming from the Southern High Plains have formed dunes along rivers and thin-sheet sand deposits across the Rolling Plains (Holliday et al, 2002).…”