Upper slope landforms and age of bedrock exposures in the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri: A comparison to relict periglacial features in the Appalachian Plateau of West Virginia

Cremeens, David L.; Darmody, Robert G.; George, S.E.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.04.001

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, it has been concluded that they probably develop over very long periods of time, which supports similar ideas based on the observation that they are well developed in terrain that has never been glaciated or was not glaciated during the last glaciation (Reger and Péwé, 1976; Lauriol and Godbout, 1988; Nelson and Nyland, 2017). To the authors’ knowledge, the results of numerical-age dating techniques have been presented in two published papers only (Cremeens et al, 2005; Lauriol et al, 2006): the first applied 36 Cl cosmogenic-nuclide exposure-age dating to two possible cryoplanation summit flats; the second obtained nine 14 C dates from the regolith cover of the treads of undoubted cryoplanation terraces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and development of active cryoplanation terraces in the alpine permafrost zone at Svartkampan, Jotunheimen, southern Norway

et al. 2019

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Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) of boulders on cryoplanation terrace treads and associated bedrock cliff faces revealed Holocene ages ranging from 0 ± 825 to 8890 ± 1185 yr. The cliffs were significantly younger than the inner treads, which tended to be younger than the outer treads. Radiocarbon dates from the regolith of 3854 to 4821 cal yr BP (2σ range) indicated maximum rates of cliff recession of ~0.1 mm/yr, which suggests the onset of terrace formation before the last glacial maximum. Age, angularity, and size of clasts, together with planation across bedrock structures and the seepage of groundwater from the cliff foot, all support a process-based conceptual model of cryoplanation terrace development in which frost weathering leads to parallel cliff recession and, hence, terrace extension. The availability of groundwater during autumn freezeback is viewed as critical for frost wedging and/or the growth of segregation ice during prolonged winter frost penetration. Permafrost promotes cryoplanation by providing an impermeable frost table beneath the active layer, focusing groundwater flow, and supplying water for sediment transport by solifluction across the tread. Snow beds are considered an effect rather than a cause of cryoplanation terraces, and cryoplanation is seen as distinct from nivation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and development of active cryoplanation terraces in the alpine permafrost zone at Svartkampan, Jotunheimen, southern Norway

et al. 2019

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“… Hypothesis 1-2: Frost shattering, slope retreat, and downslope transport. Production of boulders occurs in the same manner as in hypothesis 1-1, but the detached boulders are transported farther downslope by mass movement, particularly with the aid of gelifluction (Seong and Kim, 2003; Cremeens et al, 2005; Wilson et al, 2008; Oh et al, 2012a, 2012b). …”

Section: Hypotheses Of the Evolution Of Bouldery Slope Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cosmogenic exposure dating methods have been applied to establish the ages of active and relict bouldery landscapes in periglacial areas (Seong and Kim, 2003; Barrows et al, 2004; Cremeens et al, 2005; Hancock and Kirwan, 2007; Wilson et al, 2008; Oh et al, 2012a, 2012b; Gunnell et al, 2013; Goodfellow et al, 2014). Stone runs in the Falkland Islands were dated using 10 Be and 26 Al, and the results indicate that they had experienced multiple cold stages (Wilson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bouldery slope landforms on Mt. Biseul, Korea, and implications for paleoclimate and slope evolution

et al. 2017

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Identification of bouldery landforms in mountains and correctly understanding their formative processes play an important role in reconstructing the geomorphic history of a region. We propose that blocks were liberated by frost cracking and wedging of cliff walls during the last glacial period. However, we further suggest and test four hypotheses comprising different scenarios for preconditioning by chemical weathering and subsequent block transport using terrain analysis, characterization of boulders, and 10Be exposure dating. Frost shattering from the backing cliff produced the boulders since the beginning of the last glacial period (~80 ka), and gelifluction transported them downslope throughout the last glacial period. Their activity then entered a dormant phase at the beginning of the Holocene. Distribution patterns of exposure ages of tors and block streams are similar to those of previous studies, implying that bouldery landscapes in the southern Korean Peninsula were likely to be formed by similar processes under periglacial conditions. The timing of active periods in transport of block streams corresponds well with the cold periods identified in regional and global climate proxy records. Interestingly, the activity of block streams in the study area reached a maximum during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 to 2 when the growth rate of nearby speleothems was lowest.

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“…Second, the rock-soil aggregate is formed in the stage of mountains eroded by river, which is the active period of slope deformation and failure [6–8]. Furthermore, in the geological evolution process of slopes, rock-soil aggregate supply is controlled by the interaction of climate and tectonic uplift/subsidence [9, 10]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical Characteristics and Stability Analysis of Rock‐Soil Aggregate Slope at the Gushui Hydropower Station, Southwest China

Zhou

Shi

2013

The Scientific World Journal

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Two important features of the high slopes at Gushui Hydropower Station are layered accumulations (rock-soil aggregate) and multilevel toppling failures of plate rock masses; the Gendakan slope is selected for case study in this paper. Geological processes of the layered accumulation of rock and soil particles are carried out by the movement of water flow; the main reasons for the toppling failure of plate rock masses are the increasing weight of the upper rock-soil aggregate and mountain erosion by river water. Indoor triaxial compression test results show that, the cohesion and friction angle of the rock-soil aggregate decreased with the increasing water content; the cohesion and the friction angle for natural rock-soil aggregate are 57.7 kPa and 31.3° and 26.1 kPa and 29.1° for saturated rock-soil aggregate, respectively. The deformation and failure mechanism of the rock-soil aggregate slope is a progressive process, and local landslides will occur step by step. Three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis results show that the minimum safety factor of Gendakan slope is 0.953 when the rock-soil aggregate is saturated, and small scale of landslide will happen at the lower slope.

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Upper slope landforms and age of bedrock exposures in the St. Francois Mountains, Missouri: A comparison to relict periglacial features in the Appalachian Plateau of West Virginia

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Age and development of active cryoplanation terraces in the alpine permafrost zone at Svartkampan, Jotunheimen, southern Norway

Age and development of active cryoplanation terraces in the alpine permafrost zone at Svartkampan, Jotunheimen, southern Norway

Bouldery slope landforms on Mt. Biseul, Korea, and implications for paleoclimate and slope evolution

Geotechnical Characteristics and Stability Analysis of Rock‐Soil Aggregate Slope at the Gushui Hydropower Station, Southwest China

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