Quasi-Static Cyclic Behavior of Controlled Rocking Steel Frames

Eatherton, Matthew R.; Ma, Xing; Krawinkler, Helmut; Deierlein, Gregory G.; Hajjar, Jerome F.

doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001005

Cited by 123 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This reduction in stiffness is desirable because it lengthens the period of the structure and helps to limit the forces that can develop in the lateral force resisting system (i.e., softening occurs without structural damage). Because the bearing surfaces at the location of gap opening in a real structure are not all perfectly flat and the members are not exactly the same length, the actual load-deformation response may have rounded corners (e.g., [16,17]) rather than the sharp corners illustrated schematically in Figure 4b. The stiffness of the system after gap opening is primarily controlled by the axial stiffness of the PT steel and the location of the PT steel.…”

Section: Restoring Force Mechanism and Gap Openingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Procedures to control the magnitude of residual displacements when the lateral forces are removed can be found in the literature for specific self-centering systems (e.g., [11,16,44,45]). …”

Section: Proportioning the Restoring Force Mechanism And Energy Dissimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, joint interface details (e.g., grout beds) that can develop high coefficients of friction are critical. Shear transfer across the base joint interface in steel rocking frames usually occurs through a steel curb or bumper at the column base or through an armored trough in the foundation (e.g., [11,16]) in addition to friction at the joint interface. Alternatively, yielding base plates may be used to transfer shear at the column base (e.g., [24]).…”

Section: Restoring Force Mechanism and Gap Openingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These higher mode effects should be accounted for in design so that the braced frame members remain elastic under seismic loading. Several methods have been proposed to account for higher mode effects including modal load factors [11] and a force amplification design procedure [16].…”

Section: Post-tensioned Rocking Steel Braced Framesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Centering Seismic Lateral Force Resisting Systems: High Performance Structures for the City of Tomorrow

et al. 2014

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Abstract:Structures designed in accordance with even the most modern buildings codes are expected to sustain damage during a severe earthquake; however; these structures are expected to protect the lives of the occupants. Damage to the structure can require expensive repairs; significant business downtime; and in some cases building demolition. If damage occurs to many structures within a city or region; the regional and national economy may be severely disrupted. To address these shortcomings with current seismic lateral force resisting systems and to work towards more resilient; sustainable cities; a new class of seismic lateral force resisting systems that sustains little or no damage under severe earthquakes has been developed. These new seismic lateral force resisting systems reduce or prevent structural damage to nonreplaceable structural elements by softening the structural response elastically through gap opening mechanisms. To dissipate seismic energy; friction elements or replaceable yielding energy dissipation elements are also included. Post-tensioning is often used as a part of these systems to return the structure to a plumb; upright position (self-center) after the earthquake has passed. This paper summarizes the state-of-the art for self-centering seismic lateral force resisting systems and outlines current research challenges for these systems. OPEN ACCESSBuildings 2014, 4 521

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Section: Restoring Force Mechanism and Gap Openingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proportioning the Restoring Force Mechanism And Energy Dissimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Restoring Force Mechanism and Gap Openingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Post-tensioned Rocking Steel Braced Framesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Centering Seismic Lateral Force Resisting Systems: High Performance Structures for the City of Tomorrow

et al. 2014

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“…Amongst others, controlled rocking has been studied experimentally by Sakai & 69 Mahin (2004) and by Ou, et al (2007), who used post-tensioning to minimize the residual 70 drifts of piers. Additional work on rocking isolation using steel frames was conducted by 71 Eatherton, et al (2014). 72…”

Section: Challenging 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Performance of Novel Resilient Hinges for Columns and Application on Irregular Bridges

Mitoulis

Rodriguez

2017

J. Bridge Eng.

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4Bridges are important components of the transportation network that should maintain 5 mobility and accessibility even after severe earthquakes. The current design philosophy of 6 earthquake-resistant bridges requires the disastrous seismic energy to be dissipated in hinges 7 that are formed in the piers, whilst the deck should remain essentially elastic. However, post-8 earthquake restoration of damaged piers is challenging, time-consuming, and causes traffic 9 disruptions. In this context, this paper proposes a novel resilient hinge, which is cost-effective 10 and has minimal damage during earthquakes. The resilient hinge is a versatile substructure 11 that dissipates energy through the yielding of easily replaceable steel bars, thus offering rapid 12 restoration times, whilst it is designed to have recentering capabilities, as a number of steel 13 bars remain primarily elastic. Numerical models of single-column piers with the proposed 14 hinge were studied and compared against conventional reinforced concrete piers to 15 investigate the efficiency of the design. It was found that the piers with resilient hinges 16 exhibit a significant reduction in residual drifts when compared to the ones of the 17 conventional piers. Application of the proposed philosophy in irregular bridge models 18 enables a more rational and even distribution of ductility requirements along the bridge piers.

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00.02: Developments in research and assessment of steel structures: Highlights from the perspective of an American researcher

Schafer

2017

ce papers

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The objective of this paper is to provide a summary of recent developments in the research and assessment of steel building structures. The task is too broad to accomplish in a general sense, as such the perspective and biases of the author as an American research professor who primarily focuses on thin-walled steel building applications is explicitly recognized. The discussed research is separated into three areas: cold-formed steel structures, hot-rolled steel structures, and earthquake engineering for steel structures. The focus of the presentation is on research conducted within each of these three areas, in the last 5 years, primarily in the United States, with particular emphasis on projects that the author was directly involved in or lead. In addition, each area concludes with a brief discussion of developments in American steel codes and standards that are related to the research. Cold-formed steel structures have enjoyed a large body of recent research, advancements in: modelling, imperfection measurement, stiffness characterization, coupled instabilities, design under multiple actions, and system reliability are all highlighted. The author has had less direct involvement in much of the recent hot-rolled steel structural research, but serves on the committees where this research is brought into the American standards. Work that has had a specific impact on the American hot-rolled steel standards in beams, slender columns, composite columns, bracing, fire, and progressive collapse are all highlighted. In addition, recent research advancing modelling for fracture in steel is summarized due to the authors belief in the large long term impact of those efforts. Earthquake engineering for steel structures spans a broad space, highlighted research includes: benchmark tests and building models for cold-formed steel framing; new tests, modelling, and design guidance on structural steel seismic force-resisting systems; and new research in steel diaphragm systems. Taken as a whole, the paper aims to demonstrate the vibrancy in American steel building research, now more than 125 years since the first steel-framed skyscraper.Activity in cold-formed steel research is broad and it is impossible to provide a complete summary, recent efforts by Hancock [1] provide a more comprehensive treatment than that provided here. In this paper, a subset of key developments that the author believes have significant potential to transform the analysis or design of cold-formed steel structures is highlighted. Without a doubt, this paper leaves out significant advances that the author was either unaware of, or did not properly contemplate when preparing this summary. Computational Advances: GBT, cFSM, cFEMCold-formed steel members primarily utilize open singly-point-or un-symmetric thin-walled sections. As a result, global buckling modes are nearly always coupled (in flexure and torsion) and must include warping torsion. Due to the thin nature of the sheet used to form the sections, local plate deformations are engaged even at service ...

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Quasi-Static Cyclic Behavior of Controlled Rocking Steel Frames

Cited by 123 publications

References 3 publications

Self-Centering Seismic Lateral Force Resisting Systems: High Performance Structures for the City of Tomorrow

Self-Centering Seismic Lateral Force Resisting Systems: High Performance Structures for the City of Tomorrow

Seismic Performance of Novel Resilient Hinges for Columns and Application on Irregular Bridges

00.02: Developments in research and assessment of steel structures: Highlights from the perspective of an American researcher

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