Quantum secret sharing without entanglement

Guo, Guo-Ping

doi:10.1016/s0375-9601(03)00074-4

Cited by 333 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…some users [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23], and the other is used to split a secret including a classical one [13,14,15,16,17] or a quantum one [23,24,25,26,27]. Recently, Zhang, Li and Man [23] proposed a multiparty quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocol for splitting a classical secret message among three parties, say Alice, Bob and Charlie with single photons following some ideas from the Ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Improving the security of multiparty quantum secret sharing against Trojan horse attack

et al. 2005

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We analyzed the security of the multiparty quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocol recently proposed by Zhang, Li and Man [Phys. Rev. A 71, 044301 (2005)] and found that this protocol is secure for any other eavesdropper except for the agent Bob who prepares the quantum signals as he can attack the quantum communication with a Trojan horse. That is, Bob replaces the singlephoton signal with a multi-photon one and the other agent Charlie cannot find this cheating as she does not measure the photons before they runs back from the boss Alice, which reveals that this MQSS protocol is not secure for Bob. Finally, we present a possible improvement of the MQSS protocol security with two single-photon measurements and six unitary operations.PACS numbers: 03.67. Dd, 03.67.Hk, 03.65.Ta, 89.70.+c In classical secret sharing [1], the boss, say Alice divides her secret message into two pieces and sends them to her two agents, Bob and Charlie who are at remote place, respectively, for her business. Bob and Charlie can reconstruct the secret if and only if they collaborate. That is M A = M B ⊕ M C , here M A , M B and M C are the messages hold by Alice, Bob and Charlie, respectively. The advantage of secret sharing is that one of the two agents can keep the other one from doing any damage when they both appear in the process for the business. As classical signal is in one of the eigenstates of an operator, say σ z , it can be copied freely and fully without leaving a track. Quantum mechanics provides some novel ways for message transmitting securely, such as quantum key distribution [2,3,4,5,6], quantum secure direct communication [7,8,9,10], quantum dense coding [11,12], and so on.Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is an important branch of quantum cryptography [2] and it is the generalization of classical secret sharing into quantum scenario [13,14]. Since a pioneering QSS scheme was proposed by Hillery, Bužek and Berthiaume in 1999 by using a three-particle or a four-particle entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state for sharing a classical information, called HBB99 customarily for short, there has been a lot of works focused on QSS in both theoretical [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27] and experimental [28,29] aspects. Almost all the existing QSS protocols can be attributed to the two types according to their goals. One is used to distribute a common key among * E-mail addresses: fgdeng@bnu.edu.cn † Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: zjzhang@ahu.edu.cn.some users [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23], and the other is used to split a secret including a classical one [13,14,15,16,17] or a quantum one [23,24,25,26,27]. Recently, Zhang, Li and Man [23] proposed a multiparty quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocol for splitting a classical secret message among three parties, say Alice, Bob and Charlie with single photons following some ideas from the Ref. [9]. In this paper, we will show that the Zhang-Li-Man MQSS protocol can be eavesdropped by the agent Bob who prepares the quantum signals with a Trojan hors...

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Improving the security of multiparty quantum secret sharing against Trojan horse attack

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“…[2,5,6,7,8,9,10]). Note that in quantum secret sharing, the message to be shared can be either classical bits or quantum states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum secret sharing with classical Bobs

Qiu

Mateus

2013

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

102

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Boyer, Kenigsberg, and Mor [Phys.Rev.Lett.99, 140501(2007)] proposed a novel idea of semi-quantum key distribution where a key can be securely distributed between Alice who can perform any quantum operation and Bob who is classical. Extending the idea of "semiquantum" to other tasks of quantum information processing is of interest and worth considering. In this article, we consider the issue of semi-quantum secret sharing where a quantum participant Alice can share a secret key with two classical participants Bobs. After analyzing the existing protocol, we propose a new protocol of semi-quantum secret sharing. Our protocol is more realistic, since it utilizes product states instead of entangled states. We prove that any attempt of an adversary to obtain information necessarily induces some errors that the legitimate users could notice.

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“…The secret sharing protocol among n parties based on entanglement swapping of d-level cat states and Bell states was introduced by Karimipour et al [8]. Guo et al proposed a secret sharing scheme utilizing product states instead of entangled states and thus the efficiency is improved to approach 100% [9]. Xiao et al generalized the scheme in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiquantum secret sharing using entangled states

2010

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Secret sharing is a procedure for sharing a secret among a number of participants such that only the qualified subsets of participants have the ability to reconstruct the secret. Even in the presence of eavesdropping, secret sharing can be achieved when all the members are quantum. So what happens if not all the members are quantum? In this paper we propose two semi-quantum secret sharing protocols using maximally entangled GHZ-type states in which quantum Alice shares a secret with two classical parties, Bob and Charlie, in a way that both parties are sufficient to obtain the secret, but one of them cannot. The presented protocols are also showed to be secure against eavesdropping.

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Quantum secret sharing without entanglement

Cited by 333 publications

References 11 publications

Improving the security of multiparty quantum secret sharing against Trojan horse attack

Improving the security of multiparty quantum secret sharing against Trojan horse attack

Quantum secret sharing with classical Bobs

Semiquantum secret sharing using entangled states

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