Quantum secret sharing with continuous-variable cluster states

Abstract

We extend the formalism of cluster state quantum secret sharing, as presented in Markham and Sanders [Phys. Rev. A 78, 042309 (2008)] and Keet et al. [Phy. Rev. A 82, 062315 (2010)], to the continuous-variable regime. We show that both classical and quantum information can be shared by distributing continuous-variable cluster states through either public or private channels. We find that the adversary structure is completely denied from the secret if the cluster state is infinitely squeezed, but some secret information would be leaked if a realistic finitely squeezed state is employed. We suggest benchmarks to evaluate the security in the finitely squeezed cases. For the sharing of classical secrets, we borrow techniques from the continuous-variable quantum key distribution to compute the secret sharing rate. For the sharing of quantum states, we estimate the amount of entanglement distilled for teleportation from each cluster state.Comment: v3: Modified abstract and introductio

Verifiable threshold quantum secret sharing with sequential communication

“…However, it is hard to map the quantum state to n quantum states in coding. Later, some other threshold schemes are proposed with different physical characteristics, such as those in [25][26][27] benefit from continuous variable and in [28][29][30] construct from the ability of exactly distinguishing orthogonal multipartite entangled states under restricted local operation and classical communication. Some schemes [31][32][33][34][35] take advantage of the classical (t, n)-SS, which using phase shift operation to embed the secret and shares generated from classical (t, n)-SS into processed quantum state, so after sequential operations, participants can collaborate to recover secret.…”

Quantum secret sharing using weak coherent states

“…This allows additional hacking strategies and makes the security analysis of a QSS protocol more demanding than that of QKD. The application of continuous variable (CV) QKD techniques to analyze CV-QSS security was first proposed in [14]. More recently, the security proof of CV-QSS against both eavesdroppers in the channels and dishonest players appeared [15].…”

Quantum computation of scattering amplitudes in scalar quantum electrodynamics

“…The experimental advantages brought on by CV quantum architectures have resulted in an extensive use of CVs in recent years. For instance, the extension of the discrete formalism of cluster state protocols to the continuous formalism [16] provided the advantage of the deterministic production of multipartite entangled states, and measurement of high fidelity, using present technology [17]. The physical realization of CV cluster-state quantum computing has led to proof-of-principle experimental demonstrations such as a fully tunable gate for continuous-variable one-way quantum computation [18], a dynamical squeezing gate for universal quantum information processing [19], and large entangled states for scalable quantum information and quantum computing [20].…”