Quantum phase transitions in the shapes of atomic nuclei

Cejnar, Pavel; Jolie, J.; Casten, R. F.

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.2155

Cited by 530 publications

(546 citation statements)

References 353 publications

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“…The transitions in nuclear shapes, also referred as quantum phase transition (QPT) reveal the changes of dominant configurations or distinctly different shapes in nuclear states. In the last decade, QPTs in nuclei have attracted a lot of attention both in theory and experiment [72][73][74][75][76]. Meanwhile, several Chinese groups have published their results on this subject too [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87].…”

Section: Some Related Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in theoretical studies of nuclear magnetic moments

Zhao

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Nuclear magnetic moment is highly sensitive to the underlying structure of atomic nuclei and therefore serves as a stringent test of nuclear models. The advanced nuclear structure models have been successful in analyzing many nuclear structure properties, but they still cannot provide a satisfactory description of nuclear magnetic moments. Recently attempts to summarize the present understanding on nuclear magnetic moments in both relativistic and non-relativistic theoretical models have been made. The detailed contents are covered in the issue entitled "Nuclear magnetic moments and related topics" (in Sci China Phys Mech Astron, Vol. 54, No. 2, 2011). In this paper some of the related achievements will be highlighted. nuclear magnetic moments, status and progress, relativistic and non-relativistic many-body models Citation: Zhao E G. Recent progress in theoretical studies of nuclear magnetic moments. Chin Sci Bull, 2012Bull, , 57: 4394-4399, doi: 10.1007 Nuclear magnetic moment is an important physical observable that reflects the interplay between collective and singleparticle degrees of freedom in atomic nuclei. It therefore provides a stringent test of various nuclear structure models. A concise but interesting history and present understanding of nuclear magnetic moments have been provided in [1].Since the successes of the nuclear shell model established in 1949 by Mayer and Jensen for the explanation of the magic numbers (Z or N = 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, . . . ), the understanding of the magnetic moment of an odd-A nucleus has been done in the extreme single-particle picture which leads to the well known Schmidt values [2]. It was observed in the early 1950s [3], however, that almost all nuclear magnetic moments are sandwiched between the two Schmidt lines.The pion, predicted by Yukawa in 1935, and discovered experimentally by Powell in 1947, was pointed out to be very important for understanding nuclear magnetic moments by Miyazawa in 1951 [4] and by Villars in 1952 [5] via the one-pion exchange currents, which can be understood as a medium correction in comparison with the free nuclear magnetic moments. Besides the pion effect, the first-order configuration mixing was pointed out to be also important in the email: egzhao@mail.itp.ac.cn odd-A nuclei with a j j-closed core by Arima and Horie in 1954 [6,7]. This effect is also called the first-order core polarization or Arima-Horie effect. However, for the nuclei with a LS -closed core ± 1 nucleon, the first-order configuration mixing does not contribute to nuclear magnetic moments. In order to understand the difference between Schmidt values and experiment data in this type of nuclei, it was realized that one has to take into account the second-order configuration mixing, which is also called the tensor correlation. The isoscalar magnetic moments provide us the best evidence of the tensor correlations. There were also lots of discussion on whether the Δ-hole mixing can explain the magnetic moments [8][9][10].In the past decades, covariant density functio...

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Section: Some Related Topicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in theoretical studies of nuclear magnetic moments

Zhao

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…These quantities have been recognized as qualified effective order parameters to identify the phase transitions in both eveneven and odd-A nuclei. Furthermore, these quantities only depend on the number of nucleons with abundant experimental data available [2,[4][5][6]. However, through the analysis of these quantities and their odd-even differences [25], it is observed that nearly all the odd-even differences reach their extreme values (maximum or minimum) around the critical point, which, therefore, are more sensitive and suitable to be used as effective order parameters to manifest the shape phase transition.…”

Section: The Nilsson Mean-field Plus Standard Pairing Model and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where E B (2, 2) is the binding energy of 4 He, and the double β − -decay energy Q 2β − defined by [33] …”

Section: The Nilsson Mean-field Plus Standard Pairing Model and Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have provided new insights and understanding of the evolution of nuclear shapes and energy level structures in transitional regions [7]. Theoretical studies of the QPTs in nuclei are typically based on the collective model and the interacting boson model [1,4,[8][9][10][11]. Recently, the new microscopic insight for the traditional collective states in nuclei has been provided by using the projected shell model (PSM) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) in nuclei have been analyzed extensively in both experiment and theory [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These studies have provided new insights and understanding of the evolution of nuclear shapes and energy level structures in transitional regions [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground state phase transition in the Nilsson mean-field plus standard pairing model

Guan¹,

Xu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2016

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The ground state phase transition in Nd, Sm and Gd isotopes is investigated by using the Nilsson mean-field plus standard pairing model based on the exact solutions obtained from the extended Heine-Stieltjes correspondence. The results of the model calculations successfully reproduce the critical phenomena observed experimentally in the odd-even mass differences, odd-even differences of two-neutron separation energy, α-decay and double β − -decay energy of these isotopes. Since the odd-even effects are the most important signatures of pairing interactions in nuclei, the model calculations gain microscopic insight into the nature of the ground state phase transition manifested by the standard pairing interaction.

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Nuclear Structure

Jolie

2003

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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The basic properties of atomic nuclei are reviewed. Experimental measurements of nuclear masses give access to the nuclear binding energies and are essential to understand nuclear radioactivity and basic properties of atomic nuclei via the semiempirical mass formula. The presence of charges in the atomic nuclei leads to the possibility to measure the nuclear charge distribution. Emphasis is put on the electromagnetic properties of nuclear excitations allowing the determination of several nuclear moments of states and of electromagnetic transition rates in between these states. Following an overview of the observed properties of excited states in atomic nuclei, four nuclear models used to describe the structure of the atomic nucleus are introduced. They are the spherical and deformed shell models, the collective model, and the interacting boson model.

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Quantum phase transitions in the shapes of atomic nuclei

Cited by 530 publications

References 353 publications

Recent progress in theoretical studies of nuclear magnetic moments

Recent progress in theoretical studies of nuclear magnetic moments

Ground state phase transition in the Nilsson mean-field plus standard pairing model

Nuclear Structure

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