Quantum key distribution over multicore fiber

Dynes, J. F.; Kindness, Stephen J.; Tam, Simon; Plews, Alan; Sharpe, A. W.; Lucamarini, Marco; Fröhlich, B.; Yuan, ZL; Penty, R.V.; Shields, A. J.

doi:10.1364/oe.24.008081

Cited by 85 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Further key rate increase is possible using wavelength or spatial mode multiplexing technologies that have been routinely used for increasing the bandwidth in data communications. 50,56,57 For CV-QKD systems, increasing the bandwidth of the homodyne or heterodyne detectors, while keeping at the same time the electronic noise low, is a necessary step for increasing the key rate beyond the 1 Mbit/s over 25 km that has been achieved. 43 Further progress continues to be pursued, targeting also higher efficiency, which is currently around 60% for fibre-coupled detectors at telecom wavelengths.…”

Section: Major Challenges In Performance and Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Diamanti¹,

Lo²,

Qi³

et al. 2016

npj Quantum Inf

582

447

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises unconditional security in data communication and is currently being deployed in commercial applications. Nonetheless, before QKD can be widely adopted, it faces a number of important challenges such as secret key rate, distance, size, cost and practical security. Here, we survey those key challenges and the approaches that are currently being taken to address them. For thousands of years, human beings have been using codes to keep secrets. With the rise of the Internet and recent trends to the Internet of Things, our sensitive personal financial and health data as well as commercial and national secrets are routinely being transmitted through the Internet. In this context, communication security is of utmost importance. In conventional symmetric cryptographic algorithms, communication security relies solely on the secrecy of an encryption key. If two users, Alice and Bob, share a long random string of secret bits-the key-then they can achieve unconditional security by encrypting their message using the standard one-time-pad encryption scheme. The central question then is: how do Alice and Bob share a secure key in the first place? This is called the key distribution problem. Unfortunately, all classical methods to distribute a secure key are fundamentally insecure because in classical physics there is nothing preventing an eavesdropper, Eve, from copying the key during its transit from Alice to Bob. On the other hand, standard asymmetric or public-key cryptography solves the key distribution problem by relying on computational assumptions such as the hardness of factoring. Therefore, such schemes do not provide information-theoretic security because they are vulnerable to future advances in hardware and algorithms, including the construction of a large-scale quantum computer.

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Section: Major Challenges In Performance and Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Diamanti¹,

Lo²,

Qi³

et al. 2016

npj Quantum Inf

582

447

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A first proof-of-principle experiment (over a short distance of 2 m) has shown that spatial multiplexing of a classical and a quantum channel is possible on a few-mode fibre [92]. Then a compatibility experiment between QKD and classical data co-existing in the same fibre using separate cores over a MCF was carried out [93]. The centre core was reserved for the QKD channel, while the side cores were pairwise-filled with 10 Gbit/s data streams from opposite directions.…”

Section: Integration With Classical Telecommunication Optical Nementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum information processing with space-division multiplexing optical fibres

2020

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The optical fibre is an essential tool for our communication infrastructure since it is the main transmission channel for optical communications. The latest major advance in optical fibre technology is spatial division multiplexing (SDM), where new fibre designs and components establish multiple co-existing data channels based on light propagation over distinct transverse optical modes. Simultaneously, there have been many recent developments in the field of quantum information processing (QIP), with novel protocols and devices in areas such as computing, communication and metrology. Here, we review recent works implementing QIP protocols with SDM optical fibres, and discuss new possibilities for manipulating quantum systems based on this technology.Quantum information processing (QIP) is a field that has seen tremendous growth over the many years since Richard Feynman's seminal talk on the use of quantum computers to simulate physical systems [1]. When information bits are encoded on individual or entangled quantum states, a gain over traditional systems can be seen for some information processing tasks. A famous example is the well-known Shor's algorithm for prime number factorisation running on a quantum computer, where an impressive reduction in resources is obtained when compared to classical algorithms [2]. Another major application of QIP is in communication security, where the fact that unknown quantum states cannot be faithfully cloned [3] is exploited to detect the presence of an eavesdropper. This concept was used as the core foundation behind quantum key distribution (QKD), a communication protocol designed to distribute random private keys among remote parties [4,5]. As the first application to showcase in practice the benefits of QIP, QKD has experienced huge development ever since [6][7][8]. QKD is part of a more general family of protocols called quantum communications (QC), which includes other schemes such as quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping [9], aiming to be the communication backbone supporting future networks of quantum computers [10].During the last decades a number of technological features were developed by the telecommunication community in order to support the continuous increase in demand for more transmission bandwidth over a communication channel. These developments have been motivated by several applications that have cropped up along the years, from the internet to social networking and high-quality on-demand video streaming. Arguably the optical fibre has played a major role in the success of the telecommunication infrastructure, mainly due to its high transparency and highbandwidth support [11]. Technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) [12], and the erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) [13,14] have been major catalysts to the extremely high capacities and ultra-long transmission distances available today. The latest technological drive towards maintaining the bandwidth growth is called spatial division multiplexing (SDM), and it consists of employi...

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“…As a primary direction for the future evolution of optical networks, SDM was originally proposed to solve the "capacity crunch" of the single-mode fiber (SMF) [11]. Currently, SDM based on multi-core fiber for the integration between QKD and classical optical communication has been studied [10,12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-distance transmission of quantum key distribution coexisting with classical optical communication over a weakly-coupled few-mode fiber

Wang¹,

Mao²,

Shen³

et al. 2020

Opt. Express

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one of the most practical applications in quantum information processing, which can generate information-theoretical secure keys between remote parties. With the help of the wavelengthdivision multiplexing technique, QKD has been integrated with the classical optical communication networks. The wavelength-division multiplexing can be further improved by the mode-wavelength dual multiplexing technique with few-mode fiber (FMF), which has additional modal isolation and large effective core area of mode, and particularly is practical in fabrication and splicing technology compared with the multi-core fiber. Here, we present for the first time a QKD implementation coexisting with classical optical communication over weakly-coupled FMF using all-fiber mode-selective couplers. The co-propagation of QKD with one 100 Gbps classical data channel at -2.60 dBm launched power is achieved over 86 km FMF with 1.3 kbps real-time secure key generation. Compared with single-mode fiber, the average Raman noise in FMF is reduced by 86% at the same fiber-input power. Our work implements an important approach to the integration between QKD and classical optical communication and previews the compatibility of quantum communications with the next-generation mode division multiplexing networks.

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Quantum key distribution over multicore fiber

Cited by 85 publications

References 31 publications

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Practical challenges in quantum key distribution

Quantum information processing with space-division multiplexing optical fibres

Long-distance transmission of quantum key distribution coexisting with classical optical communication over a weakly-coupled few-mode fiber

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