Quantum key distribution over 122 km of standard telecom fiber

Gobby, C.; Zhong, Yuan; Shields, A. J.

doi:10.1063/1.1738173

Cited by 595 publications

(505 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The first term and the second term in δ x or δ y respectively represent the alignment error, which is assumed to be proportional to the probability of having correct bit value due to the detection of the light, and errors due to dark counting (one detector clicks due to the dark counting while the other one does not). We take the following parameters from GYS experiment [28]: f (δ x ) = 1.22, p dark = 8.5 × 10 −7 , ξ = 0.21 (dB/km), η det,A = η det,B = 0.045, and e ali = 0.033, and we simulate the key generation rate as a function of the distance between Alice and Bob in Fig. 4.…”

Section: A Phase Encoding Scheme Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase encoding schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with basis-dependent flaw

et al. 2012

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In this paper, we study the unconditional security of the so-called measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) with the basis-dependent flaw in the context of phase encoding schemes. We propose two schemes for the phase encoding, the first one employs a phase locking technique with the use of non-phase-randomized coherent pulses, and the second one uses conversion of standard BB84 phase encoding pulses into polarization modes. We prove the unconditional security of these schemes and we also simulate the key generation rate based on simple device models that accommodate imperfections. Our simulation results show the feasibility of these schemes with current technologies and highlight the importance of the state preparation with good fidelity between the density matrices in the two bases. Since the basis-dependent flaw is a problem not only for MDIQKD but also for standard QKD, our work highlights the importance of an accurate signal source in practical QKD systems. Note: We include the erratum of this paper in Appendix C. The correction does not affect the validity of the main conclusions reported in the paper, which is the importance of the state preparation in MDIQKD and the fact that our schemes can generate the key with the practical channel mode that we have assumed.

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Section: A Phase Encoding Scheme Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase encoding schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with basis-dependent flaw

et al. 2012

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“…Many important applications, such as biological imaging, 1 fiber optical sensing, 2 laser ranging, 3 and quantum communication, 4 require high performance single photon detectors, for which semiconductor avalanche photodiodes [5][6][7][8] ͑APDs͒ have proved to be a practical choice due to their compactness, cryogenic-free operation, and low power consumption. Unfortunately, APDs are often associated with a long dead time, which is particularly true for InGaAs APDs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort dead time of photon-counting InGaAs avalanche photodiodes

Dixon¹,

Dynes²,

Sharpe³

et al. 2009

Applied Physics Letters

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We report a 1.036 GHz gated Geiger mode InGaAs avalanche photodiode with a detection dead time of just 1.93 ns. This is demonstrated by full recovery of the detection efficiency two gate cycles after a detection event, as well as a measured maximum detection rate of 497 MHz. As an application, we measure the second order correlation function $g^{(2)}$ of the emission from a diode laser with a single detector which works reliably at high speed owing to the extremely short dead time of the detector. The device is ideal for high bit rate fiber wavelength quantum key distribution and photonic quantum computing.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Updated to published versio

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“…The most widely used single photon detectors at telecommunication and visible light wavelengths include avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes. 2,3 Bolometers, superconductor nanowire detectors, 4 and single quantum dot detectors 5 can be used to extend the single photon detection to far-infrared range. It has also been shown that field-effect transistors 6,7 and resonant tunneling diodes 8,9 ͑RTD͒ containing a layer of self-assembled quantum dots ͑QDs͒ can detect single photons and their temperatures of operation is at least 77 K. 10,11 The detection of a single photon in QDs based RTD ͑QDRTD͒ devices results from a capture of a photohole in a single dot, which in turn modulates the resonant current through the device.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum dot resonant tunneling diode single photon detector with aluminum oxide aperture defined tunneling area

Kardynał

Ellis

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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Quantum dot resonant tunneling diode single photon detector with independently defined absorption and sensing areas is demonstrated. The device, in which the tunneling is constricted to an aperture in an insulating layer in the emitter, shows electrical characteristics typical of high quality resonant tunneling diodes. A single photon detection efficiency of 2.1%±0.1% at 685 nm was measured corresponding to an internal quantum efficiency of 14%. The devices are simple to fabricate, robust, and show promise for large absorption area single photon detectors based on quantum dot structures.

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Quantum key distribution over 122 km of standard telecom fiber

Cited by 595 publications

References 15 publications

Phase encoding schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with basis-dependent flaw

Phase encoding schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with basis-dependent flaw

Ultrashort dead time of photon-counting InGaAs avalanche photodiodes

Quantum dot resonant tunneling diode single photon detector with aluminum oxide aperture defined tunneling area

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