“…With a possibility to study heavy few-electron ions experimentally, which appeared in the middle of 1980's [1], these systems became the subject of extensive theoretical investigations, for review see Refs. [2][3][4][5][6] and references therein. In contrast to light atoms and ions, where the bindingstrength parameter of the nucleus αZ (α is the fine structure constant and Z is the nuclear charge number) can be used along with α to evaluate QED effects by perturbation theory, for high-Z systems this parameter is not small and, therefore, all the calculations must be performed without any expansion in αZ.…”