Quantity of IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein predicts pulmonary recovery from COVID-19

Nairz, Manfred; Sahanic, Sabina; Pizzini, Alex; Böhm, Anna; Tymoszuk, Piotr; Mitterstiller, Anna-Maria; Raffay, Laura von; Grubwieser, Philipp; Bellmann‐Weiler, Rosa; Koppelstätter, Sabine; Schroll, Andrea; Haschka, David; Zimmermann, Martina; Blunder, Silvia; Trattnig, Kristina; Naschberger, Helene; Klotz, Werner; Theurl, Igor; Petzer, Verena; Gehrer, Clemens M.; Mindur, John E.; Luger, Anna; Schwabl, Christoph; Widmann, Gerlig; Weiß, Günter; Löffler‐Ragg, Judith; Tancevski, Ivan; Sonnweber, Thomas

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07489-6

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…In a retrospective study from Israel, in individuals who received the Pfizer mRNA vaccine (never infected), higher initial antibody levels were followed by a more rapid decline than in those with SARS-CoV-2 virus infection ( 33 ). Failure to generate sufficient IgG antibodies is linked to reduced survival ( 34 ). In contrast to our findings, some studies showed higher levels of antibodies (IgM and IgG) in severe patients than in mild-to-moderate patients ( 35 – 37 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How immune breakthroughs could slow disease progression and improve prognosis in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study

Wang,

Zhao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundPrevious infections and vaccinations have produced preexisting immunity, which differs from primary infection in the organism immune response and may lead to different disease severities and prognoses when reinfected.ObjectivesThe purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the impact of immune breakthroughs on disease progression and prognosis in patients with COVID-19.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1513 COVID-19 patients in Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January 2020 to November 2022. All patients were divided into the no immunity group (primary infection and unvaccinated, n=1102) and the immune breakthrough group (previous infection or vaccination, n=411). The immune breakthrough group was further divided into the natural immunity subgroup (n=73), the acquired immunity subgroup (n=322) and the mixed immunity subgroup (n=16). The differences in clinical and outcome data and T lymphocyte subsets and antibody levels between two groups or between three subgroups were compared by ANOVA, t test and chi-square test, and the relationship between T lymphocyte subsets and antibody levels and the disease progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients was assessed by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe total critical rate and the total mortality rate were 2.11% and 0.53%, respectively. The immune breakthrough rate was 27.16%. In the no immunity group, the critical rate and the mortality rate were all higher, and the coronavirus negative conversion time was longer than those in the immune breakthrough group. The differences in the critical rate and the coronavirus negative conversion time between the two groups were all statistically significant (3.72% vs. 0.24%, 14.17 vs. 11.90 days, all p<0.001). In addition, in the no immunity group, although lymphocyte counts and T subsets at admission were higher, all of them decreased consistently and significantly and were significantly lower than those in the immune breakthrough group at the same time from the first week to the fourth week after admission (all p<0.01). The total antibody levels and specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased gradually and were always significantly lower than those in the immune breakthrough group at the same time from admission to the fourth week after admission (all p<0.001). Moreover, in the natural immunity subgroup, lymphocyte counts and T subsets at admission were the highest, and total antibody levels and specific IgG levels at admission were the lowest. Then, all of them decreased significantly and were the lowest among the three subgroups at the same time from admission to one month after admission (total antibody: from 546.07 to 158.89, IgG: from 6.00 to 3.95) (all p<0.001). Those in the mixed immunity subgroup were followed by those in the acquired immunity subgroup. While lymphocyte counts and T subsets in these two subgroups and total antibody levels (from 830.84 to 1008.21) and specific IgG levels (from 6.23 to 7.51) in the acquired immunity subgroup increased gradually, total antibody levels (from 1100.82 to 908.58) and specific IgG levels (from 7.14 to 6.58) in the mixed immunity subgroup decreased gradually. Furthermore, T lymphocyte subsets and antibody levels were negatively related to disease severity, prognosis and coronavirus negative conversion time. The total antibody, specific IgM and IgG levels showed good utility for predicting critical COVID-19 patients and dead COVID-19 patients.ConclusionAmong patients with COVID-19 patients, immune breakthroughs resulting from previous infection or vaccination, could decelerate disease progression and enhance prognosis by expediting host cellular and humoral immunity to accelerate virus clearance, especially in individuals who have been vaccinated and previously infected.Clinical trial registryChinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2000034563.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How immune breakthroughs could slow disease progression and improve prognosis in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study

Wang,

Zhao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…However the highly elevated IgG levels against S glycoprotein positively correlated with biomarkers of immune activation and negatively correlated with pulmonary function and the extent of pulmonary CT abnormalities in COVID-19-convalescents [ 66 ]. Higher peak antibody titers and disease severity were associated with an increased durability of detectable anti-spike IgG antibodies titers detectable one year after hospitalization for COVID-19 [ 67 ].…”

Section: Immune Response To Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity after COVID-19 Recovery and Vaccination: Similarities and Differences

et al. 2022

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with a robust immune response. The development of systemic inflammation leads to a hyperinflammatory state due to cytokine release syndrome during severe COVID-19. The emergence of many new SARS-CoV-2 variants across the world deteriorates the protective antiviral immunity induced after infection or vaccination. The innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for determining the fate of COVID-19 symptomatology. T cell-mediated immunity is the main factor of the antiviral immune response; moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection initiates a rapid B-cell response. In this paper, we present the current state of knowledge on immunity after COVID-19 infection and vaccination. We discuss the mechanisms of immune response to various types of vaccines (nucleoside-modified, adenovirus-vectored, inactivated virus vaccines and recombinant protein adjuvanted formulations). This includes specific aspects of vaccination in selected patient populations with altered immune activity (the elderly, children, pregnant women, solid organ transplant recipients, patients with systemic rheumatic diseases or malignancies). We also present diagnostic and research tools available to study the anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular and humoral immune responses.

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Clinical usefulness of testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies

Alexopoulos¹,

Trougakos²,

Dimopoulos³

et al. 2023

European Journal of Internal Medicine

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Quantity of IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein predicts pulmonary recovery from COVID-19

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

How immune breakthroughs could slow disease progression and improve prognosis in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study

How immune breakthroughs could slow disease progression and improve prognosis in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study

Immunity after COVID-19 Recovery and Vaccination: Similarities and Differences

Clinical usefulness of testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies

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