Quantitative speciation of sulfur in bacterial sulfur globules: X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals at least three different species of sulfur

Prange, Alexander; Chauvistré, R.; Modrow, Hartwig; Hormes, J.; Trüper, Hans G.; Dahl, Christiane

doi:10.1099/00221287-148-1-267

Cited by 158 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The chemical nature of sulfur in the globules is still a much debated question (65,66), and it seems that three different forms are found, depending on the metabolic group of the bacteria tested: cyclo-octasulfur (S 8 ), polythionates, and sulfur chains. The sites of deposition of sulfur granules vary between bacteria, and may be extra-or intracellular (cytoplasmic or periplasmic).…”

Section: Existence Of a Supercomplex Involved In Sulfur Respiration Imentioning

confidence: 99%

A Membrane-bound Multienzyme, Hydrogen-oxidizing, and Sulfur-reducing Complex from the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Aquifex aeolicus

Guiral

Tron

Aubert

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

104

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Aquifex aeolicus is a hyperthermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing, and microaerophilic bacterium growing at 85°C. We have shown that it can grow on an H 2 /S°medium and produce H 2 S from sulfur in the later exponential phase. The complex carrying the sulfur reducing activity (electron transport from H 2 to S°) has been purified and characterized. It is a membranebound multiprotein complex containing a [NiFe] hydrogenase and a sulfur reductase connected via quinones. The sulfur reductase is encoded by an operon annotated dms (dimethyl sulfoxide reductase) that we have renamed sre and is composed of three subunits. Sequence analysis showed that it belongs to the Me 2 SO reductase molybdoenzyme family and is similar to the sulfur/polysulfide/thiosulfate/tetrathionate reductases. The study of catalytic properties clearly demonstrated that it can reduce tetrathionate, sulfur, and polysulfide, but cannot reduce Me 2 SO and thiosulfate, and that NADPH increases the sulfur reducing activity. To date, this is the first characterization of a supercomplex from a bacterium that couples hydrogen oxidation and sulfur reduction. The distinctive feature in A. aeolicus is the cytoplasmic localization of the sulfur reduction, which is in accordance with the presence of sulfur globules in the cytoplasm. Association of this sulfur-reducing complex with a hydrogen-oxygen pathway complex (hydrogenase I, bc 1 complex) in the membrane suggests that subcomplexes involved in respiratory chains in this bacterium are part of supramolecular organization.The production of biomass in extreme light-independent environments is energized by chemolithoautotrophic oxidation and reduction of inorganic compounds like elemental sulfur (S°), 2 hydrogen, and nitrate (1, 2). Sulfur and sulfur compounds are the most abundant sources of both electron acceptors and electron donors in extremophilic environments (like volcanic environments) and are used by many microorganisms to support growth (3-6). Reduction and oxidation of sulfur compounds (sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, organic sulfoxide, elemental sulfur, polysulfides, and organic disulfide) are vital processes for many bacteria and essential steps in the global sulfur cycle. Because of the multiple oxidation states of sulfur, the biochemistry and chemistry of this cycle are complex and still not completely understood (7,8). This problem is exacerbated by the reactivities of the sulfur species at various oxidation states toward each other (7). The ability to reduce elemental sulfur is mostly found among hyperthermophilic micro-organisms (Archaea and Bacteria) (8), the majority of which depend on S°reduc-tion for optimal growth. They use either molecular hydrogen or organic compounds as electron donors. It has been suggested that S°respiration is one of the earliest mechanisms for energy conservation, because the hyperthermophiles are the forms of life evolving the most slowly (9).The processes by which micro-organisms reduce S°to H 2 S are still unclear for most of them, and only few ...

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Section: Existence Of a Supercomplex Involved In Sulfur Respiration Imentioning

confidence: 99%

A Membrane-bound Multienzyme, Hydrogen-oxidizing, and Sulfur-reducing Complex from the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Aquifex aeolicus

Guiral

Tron

Aubert

et al. 2005

Journal of Biological Chemistry

104

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“…Zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) exists in natural aquatic systems as dissolved sulfur (Boulegue 1978), dispersed solid form (crystalline or amorphous), in a variety of colloidal forms (Steudel et al 1987;Van Gemerden and Mas 1995;Prange et al 2002;Dahl and Prange 2006), and solubilized in the presence of sulfide as inorganic polysulfides (S n 2-). Solubility of elemental solid S 8 in pure water is low (19 ± 6 nmol L -1 S 8 ) (Boulegue 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved cyanolysis protocol for detection of zero‐valent sulfur in natural aquatic systems

Kamyshny

2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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We propose a novel protocol for detection of reactive zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) in natural aquatic samples including seawater. Reaction with hot potassium cyanide at slightly acidic conditions recovers ZVS from colloidal fraction of particulate elemental sulfur, polysulfides (S n 2-), and their protonated forms. Preconcentration by partial evaporation of the sample and separation of thiocyanate anions by high-performance liquid chromatography on the C30 reverse phase column modified with poly(ethylene glycol) followed by spectrophotometric detection at 220 nm wavelength allows us to detect reactive ZVS with detection limit of 3 nmol L -1 for fresh water samples and 6 nmol L -1 for seawater samples. Storage at 4°C for 6 weeks does not change the concentration of thiocyanate in the sample by more than 10%.

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“…The most thermodynamically stable form of elemental sulfur under standard biological conditions is orthorhombic ␣-sulfur, which consists of puckered S 8 rings (12), but more than 180 allotropes have been described (13). Thus far, a variety of species other than cyclooctasulfur have been identified in sulfur-storing bacteria, including inorganic polysulfides (S n 2Ϫ ), polythionates ( Ϫ O 3 SOS n OSO 3 Ϫ ), and longchain organosulfanes (ROS n OR) (6,11,14). The solubilities of these S 0 species in water are very different, ranging from the nearly insoluble S 8 rings to extremely soluble inorganic polysulfides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysulfides as Intermediates in the Oxidation of Sulfide to Sulfate by Beggiatoa spp

Berg

Schwedt

Kreutzmann

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

105

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Quantitative speciation of sulfur in bacterial sulfur globules: X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals at least three different species of sulfur

Cited by 158 publications

References 37 publications

A Membrane-bound Multienzyme, Hydrogen-oxidizing, and Sulfur-reducing Complex from the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Aquifex aeolicus

A Membrane-bound Multienzyme, Hydrogen-oxidizing, and Sulfur-reducing Complex from the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium Aquifex aeolicus

Improved cyanolysis protocol for detection of zero‐valent sulfur in natural aquatic systems

Polysulfides as Intermediates in the Oxidation of Sulfide to Sulfate by Beggiatoa spp

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