Quantitative sensory testing of the equine face

Veres-Nyéki, Kata; Nyéki, J.; Bodó, Gábor; Spadavecchia, Claudia

doi:10.1111/evj.13270

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Only one study focused on tactile reactivity of horses' face where six areas were tested: nostril, lateral canthus of the eye, mental foramen, supraorbital foramen, infraorbital foramen, upper lip, this study showed that site of stimulation had a significant effect on tactile sensory threshold with the nostril thresholds being the most consistent (Veres-Nyéki et al 2021).…”

Section: Testing Procedures -Body Areamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Data concerning horses are contradictory. Hausberger et al (2012), studying play of adult horses, noted that geldings were more reactive (lower reactivity threshold) than mares to von Frey filaments whereas other studies did not find any difference (Vidament et al 2021;Veres-Nyéki et al 2021;Briefer Freymond et al 2019). Other studies tested only mares (Lansade et al 2008;Lansade et al 2017;Lansade and Simon 2010;Valenchon et al 2013a,b,c;Valenchon et al 2017) while one study did not mention the sex of the subjects (Lansade et al 2016).…”

Section: Intrinsic Factors -Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing individual variations of horses’ tactile reactivity: when, where, how?

Gueguen

Lerch

Grandgeorge

et al. 2022

Sci Nat

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Tactile perception is involved in a variety of contexts (adaptations to climatic conditions, protection of the body against external dangers...) and is as important as the other sensory modalities for the survival of an individual.This tactile modality has been particularly well studied in humans, revealing high individual variations modulated by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as age, sex, pathological disorders or temperament.Tactility is also involved in animals' social lives, although there are disparities between species. For example, social tactile contact among horses is limited, but this does not mean that they do not react to tactile stimuli but rather with their very thin skin they are able to detect minute stimuli (although they respond more to larger stimuli). Despite a fairly large effort to characterize it, there are controversies concerning equine tactile sensitivity.In this review, we examine studies that have used the same tool (Von Frey filaments) and try to disentangle what could explain the differences observed. It appears that many aspects are poorly known or controversial and that the procedures may be so different that the results of different studies cannot be compared. We went further by testing tactile reactivity of a population of unridden horses and found that four factors influenced their tactile reactivity (type of horse, filament size, body area, time of day). These results could explain some of the discrepancies observed in the literature and suggest, in particular, that more attention should be paid to the context of the test. Keywords: perception, equids, Von Frey filaments, methodology force. This principle therefore allows a known, measurable and reproducible force to be applied to the skin surface.Von Frey filaments were initially developed for humans to define tactile perception thresholds (Bell-Krotoski et al. 1995). A nylon filament delivering an average force of 0.07g was found to be a good predictor of the "normal" pressure threshold of light touch on hands and on a large part of the body of adult humans (Bell-Krotoski et al. 1995). This tool has become widely used both for human, i.e. medicine (Jerosch-Herold 2005) and preclinical neuroscience (Le Bars et al. 2001), often to assess pain with the hope of therapeutic translation (Mogil 2009) but also for animal (

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Section: Testing Procedures -Body Areamentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Intrinsic Factors -Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing individual variations of horses’ tactile reactivity: when, where, how?

Gueguen

Lerch

Grandgeorge

et al. 2022

Sci Nat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Significant gender differences were found with less sensitivity for WDT and MDT in men compared to women [ 23 ], and a lower threshold for CDT and HPT in women [ 22 ]. However, an evaluation of sensory function of the face was performed in equine [ 30 ], which reported on increased thresholds (thermal and mechanical) according to age. Gender had no influence on the thresholds, nor does shaving the investigated area [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an evaluation of sensory function of the face was performed in equine [ 30 ], which reported on increased thresholds (thermal and mechanical) according to age. Gender had no influence on the thresholds, nor does shaving the investigated area [ 30 ]. One might assume more sensitive skin sensation in women because of lower skin thickness, softertexture of the skin and more superficial vascularization and innervation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatosensory and Gustatory Profiling in the Orofacial Region

et al. 2022

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Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a standard procedure in medicine to describe sensory patterns in various pathologies. The aim of this prospective clinical study was to define reference values of the trigeminal nerve (V3), including taste qualities, to create a compatibility for sensory loss or gain in pathologies. Fifty-one patients were included, and a standardized testing battery with 11 QST parameters according to the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) was applied complemented by quantitative gustatory assessments. Significant somatosensory differences were found between the test sites (MDT at the chin, WDT at the lower lip) but no effect was detected for gender, age, and between body types. Taste sensitivity was dependent on concentration, gender (females being more sensitive) and increasing age (for bitter and sour taste). We provide reference values for somatosensory and gustatory testing of the facial area. Our data facilitate the detection of neurosensory abnormalities in the orofacial region. This might also serve as a control setting for COVID-19.

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Schwellenwerte – Wo liegen die sensiblen Punkte bei Pferden?

2022

Hands on - Manuelle und Physikalische Therapien in der Tiermedi

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Es ist bekannt, dass bei Menschen unterschiedliche Körperbereiche unterschiedliche Sensitivität für verschiedene Reize besitzen. So ist zum Beispiel der Schwellenwert für eine thermale Stimulation im Gesicht niedriger als in anderen Körperbereichen. Bei Menschen sind bereits Normwerte für die Bestimmung von sensorischen Funktionen in Abhängigkeit von Körperregion, Alter und Geschlecht bekannt. Diese Normwerte sind wichtig, damit pathologische Abweichungen festgestellt werden können. Solche Werte existieren bei den Pferden noch nicht. Aus diesem Grund wurden in dieser Studie Pferde am Kopf mit unterschiedlichen Reizen stimuliert, und die Reaktion bei ansteigenden Intensitäten des Reizes beobachtet.

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Quantitative sensory testing of the equine face

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Testing individual variations of horses’ tactile reactivity: when, where, how?

Testing individual variations of horses’ tactile reactivity: when, where, how?

Somatosensory and Gustatory Profiling in the Orofacial Region

Schwellenwerte – Wo liegen die sensiblen Punkte bei Pferden?

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