Quantitative Puff-by-Puff-Resolved Characterization of Selected Toxic Compounds in Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

Abstract

Soft single photon ionization (SPI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) has been applied for the quantitative puff-by-puff-resolved characterization of selected toxic species in cigarette mainstream smoke, namely, nitric oxide (NO), acetaldehyde, butadiene, acetone, isoprene, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene. The 2R4F research cigarette was investigated for whole smoke (unfiltered) and gas phase (filtered). It has been demonstrated that the existing smoking regime for total smoke analysis (smoke from a complete cigarette) features deficiencies when applied to puff-resolved measurements. This is especially the case for analysis in which a glass fiber filter is used to separate the smoke particulate and gas phases because material is desorbed from the filter and influences succeeding puffs. Regarding whole smoke measurements, succeeding puffs are affected by contamination and memory effects of the smoking machine itself, but to a lower extent. Quantitative puff-resolved smoke profiles show that the puff yields of the various constituents can differ tremendously. Most species' concentrations increase gradually with puff number, which is mainly due to the reduction in length of the cigarette. However, high yields in the first puff are observed for butadiene and isoprene, suggesting different formation mechanisms for these compounds. First results are presented in which these high yields in the first puff are mainly associated with the gaseous fraction of the smoke.

Application of comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry and different types of data analysis for the investigation of cigarette particulate matter

“…The puff profiles shown in Fig. 4 verify the puff behaviours for alkanes and alkenes/cycloalkanes already found in the gas phase [13,14] also for the particulate phase. In addition, this behaviour is now also obvious for carboxylic acids.…”

“…This is mainly possible due to the huge separation power and the picture-like 2-D chromatograms. In addition this part of the study adduced novel information that a puffdependent behaviour is not only valid for very volatile compounds, which was already reported by our group [13,14], but also for SVOCs. Besides this target analysis of a few compounds also more comprehensive types of data analysis are successfully applied.…”

“…Recently, it has been shown that there are also variances in the chemical composition of the volatile parts of different cigarette puffs, especially volatile unsaturated hydrocarbons, which show increased amounts during the first puff of a cigarette smoke cycle. Furthermore, concentrations and total amounts of several gas phase compounds may vary substantially during the smoking cycle [13,14]. These investigations are mainly done with online techniques based on soft photo ionisation coupled to mass spectroscopy.…”

Diepoxybutane activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and mediates apoptosis in human lymphoblasts through oxidative stress

“…Exposure to BD occurs principally in the occupational settings of industrial facilities that produce and use this compound (Jackson et al, 2000;Anttinen-Klemetti et al, 2006). However, exposure to low levels of BD in urban air and in door settings do occur, since BD is also found in automobile exhaust and cigarette smoke (Adam et al, 2006;Grant et al, 2007). BD is currently regulated as a hazardous air pollutant (NTP, 2005).…”

Electron spin resonance study of puff-resolved free radical formation in mainstream cigarette smoke

“…1,2 Although the dynamic and reactive nature of cigarette smoke is recognized, it is only recently that studies based on fast mass spectrometers and laser-based techniques have begun to unravel the extent of formation of transient smoke species. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Routine smoke analysis methods used in the tobacco industry are usually developed to quantify the total yields of smoke constituents after the entire cigarette is machine-smoked under a standard puffing regime. To provide the accuracy and sensitivity required for puff-resolved analysis, fast analytical techniques are needed.…”