Electron spin resonance study of puff-resolved free radical formation in mainstream cigarette smoke

Ghosh, Mariana; Liu, Chuan; Ioniță, Petre

doi:10.3998/ark.5550190.0009.h30

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…Numerous techniques have been used to measure free radicals in tobacco smoke yielding widely different results, and few attempts have been made to standardize these methodologies. − Thus, as part of this research, we developed a standardized protocol for the reproducible and quantitative determination of free radicals in mainstream smoke using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. EPR is a sensitive and selective technique for directly detecting and quantitating free radicals in complex mixtures such as cigarette smoke .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Free Radical Yields from U.S. Marketed Cigarettes

Goel

Bitzer

Reilly

et al. 2017

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Free radicals in tobacco smoke are thought to be an important cause of smoking-induced diseases, yet the variation in free radical exposure to smokers from different brands of commercially available cigarettes is unknown. We measured the levels of highly reactive gas-phase and stable particulate-phase radicals in mainstream cigarette smoke by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with and without the spin-trapping agent phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), respectively, in 27 popular US cigarettes and the 3R4F research cigarette, machine-smoked according to the FTC protocol. We find a 12-fold variation in the levels of gas-phase radicals (1.2 to 14 nmol per cigarette) and a 2-fold variation in the amounts of particulate-phase radicals (44 to 96 pmol per cigarette) across the range of cigarette brands. Gas and particulate-phase radicals were highly correlated across brands (ρ=0.62, p<0.001). Both radicals were correlated with TPM (gas-phase: ρ=0.38, p=0.04; particulate-phase: ρ=0.44, p=0.02) and ventilation (gas- and tar-phase: ρ= −0.58, p=0.001), with ventilation explaining nearly 30% of the variation in radical levels across brands. Overall, our findings of significant brand variation in free radical delivery under standardized machine-smoked conditions suggest that the use of certain brands of cigarettes may be associated with greater levels of oxidative stress in smokers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Free Radical Yields from U.S. Marketed Cigarettes

Goel

Bitzer

Reilly

et al. 2017

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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High-resolution time and spatial imaging of tobacco and its pyrolysis products during a cigarette puff by microprobe sampling photoionisation mass spectrometry

et al. 2015

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The time- and space-resolved chemical signatures of gases and vapours formed in solid-state combustion processes are difficult to examine using recent analytical techniques. A machine-smoked cigarette represents a very reproducible model system for dynamic solid-state combustion. By using a special sampling system (microprobe unit) that extracts the formed gases from inside of the burning cigarette, which is coupled to a photoionisation mass spectrometer, it was possible to study the evolution of organic gases during a 2-s cigarette puff. The concentrations of various pyrolysis and combustion products such as 1,3-butadiene, toluene, acetaldehyde and phenol were monitored on-line at different sampling points within cigarettes. A near-microscopic-scale spatial resolution and a 200-ms time resolution were achieved. Finally, the recorded information was combined to generate time-resolved concentration maps, showing the formation and destruction zones of the investigated compounds in the burning cigarette. The combustion zone at the tip of cigarette, where e.g. 1,3-butadiene is predominately formed, was clearly separable from the pyrolysis zones. Depending on the stability of the precursor (e.g. lignin or cellulose), the position of pyrolytic formation varies. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that soft photoionisation mass spectrometry in conjunction with a microprobe sampling device can be used for time- and space-resolved analysis of combustion and pyrolysis reactions. In addition to studies on the model cigarette, further model systems may be studied with this approach. This may include further studies on the combustion of biomass or coal chunks, on heterogeneously catalysed reactions or on spray, dust and gas combustion processes.

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Gas-Phase Radicals in Cigarette Smoke: A Re-evaluation of the Steady-State Model and the Cambridge Filter Pad

Wooten¹

2011

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry

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Electron spin resonance study of puff-resolved free radical formation in mainstream cigarette smoke

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Variation in Free Radical Yields from U.S. Marketed Cigarettes

Variation in Free Radical Yields from U.S. Marketed Cigarettes

High-resolution time and spatial imaging of tobacco and its pyrolysis products during a cigarette puff by microprobe sampling photoionisation mass spectrometry

Gas-Phase Radicals in Cigarette Smoke: A Re-evaluation of the Steady-State Model and the Cambridge Filter Pad

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