Quantitative mineralogical analysis of Spanish roofing slates using the Rietveld method and X-ray powder diffraction data

Ward, Colin R.; Gómez-Fernández, Fernando

doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-1051

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Application of this software to similar materials is discussed further by Ward et al (1999Ward et al ( , 2001, Ruan and Ward (2002) and Ward and Gomez-Fernandez (2003).…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6). As with similar evaluations for other types of material (Ward et al, 1999(Ward et al, , 2001Ruan and Ward, 2002;Ward and Gomez-Fernandez, 2003), the relationship identified in each plot is expressed by the linear regression equation in the form: y = ax + b, where a is the slope of the regression line, and b is the intercept on the y axis. The coefficient correlation (R 2 ) is also shown in each case, together with a diagonal line corresponding to the location of the points for a perfect correlation between the respective data points.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogy and organic petrology of oil shales in the Sangkarewang Formation, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Fatimah

Ward

2009

International Journal of Coal Geology

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The Ombilin Basin is filled by late Eocene to early Oligocene marginal fan deposits (Brani Formation) and lacustrine shales (Sangkarewang Formation), unconformably overlain by a late Oligocene to early Miocene fluvial sequence (Sawahlunto and Sawahtambang Formations) and capped by an early to mid-Miocene marine sequence (Ombilin Formation). Significant oil shale deposits occur in the Sangkarewang Formation, intercalated with thin laminated greenish-grey calcareous sandstones. X-ray diffraction shows that the sediments consist mainly of quartz, feldspar, carbonates and a range of clay minerals, together in some cases with minor proportions of sulphides, evaporites and zeolites. Feldspar and non-kaolinite clay minerals decrease up the sequence, relative to kaolinite, suggesting a changing sediment source as the basin was filled. Calcite, thought to be mainly of authigenic origin, is also more abundant in the middle and upper parts of the sequence. The organic matter in the oil shales of the sequence is dominated by liptinite macerals, particularly alginite (mainly lamalginite) and sporinite. Cutinite also occurs in some samples, along with resinite and traces of bituminite. The dominance of lamalginite in the liptinite components suggests that the material can be described as a lamosite. Samples from the Sangkarewang Formation have vitrinite reflectance values ranging between 0.37% and 0.55%. These are markedly lower than the vitrinite reflectance for coal from the overlying Sawahlunto Formation (0.68%), possibly due to suppression associated with the abundant liptinite in the oil shales. Fischer assay data on outcrop samples indicate that the oil yield is related to the organic carbon content. Correlations with XRD data show that, with one exception, the oil yield and organic carbon can also be correlated directly to the abundance of carbonate (calcite) and inversely to the abundance of quartz plus feldspar. This suggests that the abundance of algal material in the lake sediments was preferentially associated with carbonate deposition. High yields of oil are noted in some samples, as a percentage of the organic carbon content. This may indicate that partial generation of hydrocarbons from the material has already taken place, in association with thermal maturation of the Sangkarewang succession.

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“…Application of this software to similar materials is discussed further by Ward et al (1999Ward et al ( , 2001, Ruan and Ward (2002) and Ward and Gomez-Fernandez (2003).…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and organic petrology of oil shales in the Sangkarewang Formation, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Fatimah

Ward

2009

International Journal of Coal Geology

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“…Las muestras fueron recogidas directamente en cantera. the form of ankerite and calcite (15). Weatherability for calcite is higher than for ankerite under equal environmental conditions.…”

Section: Muestreomentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The other group of potentially alterable minerals is carbonates, which in roofing slates are usually found in ser ankerita y calcita (15). La alterabilidad de la calcita es superior a la de la ankerita en las mismas condiciones ambientales.…”

Section: Color Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Ensayos normativos para la caracterización de patologías en pizarras para cubiertas

Cárdenes¹,

Mateos²,

Ordóñez³

et al. 2011

Mater. construcc.

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“…Sericites (muscovite and paragonite), chlorite, quartz, and total carbonates were estimated as the main minerals. Ward and Gómez-Fernandez [7] used the Rietveld method-based Siroquant data processing system for X-ray powder diffraction analysis for the determination of the slate main minerals quartz, feldspar, micas, and chlorites. However, the application of the method was limited to low carbonate Spanish roofing slate.…”

Section: Therein)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Slatecalculation—A Practical Tool for Deriving Norm Minerals in the Lowest-Grade Metamorphic Pelites and Roof Slates

et al. 2020

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Roof and wall slates are fine-grained rocks with slaty cleavage, and it is often difficult to determine their mineral composition. A new norm mineral calculation called slatecalculation allows the determination of a virtual mineral composition based on full chemical analysis, including the amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon (C), and sulfur (S). Derived norm minerals include feldspars, carbonates, micas, hydro-micas, chlorites, ore-minerals, and quartz. The mineral components of the slate are assessed with superior accuracy compared to the petrographic analysis based on the European Standard EN 12326. The inevitable methodical inaccuracies in the calculations are limited and transparent. In the present paper, slates, shales, and phyllites from worldwide occurrences were examined. This also gives an overview of the rocks used for discontinuous roofing and external cladding.

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Quantitative mineralogical analysis of Spanish roofing slates using the Rietveld method and X-ray powder diffraction data

Cited by 35 publications

References 20 publications

Mineralogy and organic petrology of oil shales in the Sangkarewang Formation, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Mineralogy and organic petrology of oil shales in the Sangkarewang Formation, Ombilin Basin, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Ensayos normativos para la caracterización de patologías en pizarras para cubiertas

Slatecalculation—A Practical Tool for Deriving Norm Minerals in the Lowest-Grade Metamorphic Pelites and Roof Slates

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