Ensayos normativos para la caracterización de patologías en pizarras para cubiertas

Cárdenes, V.; Mateos, F.; Ordóñez, Ángel; Monterroso, C.

doi:10.3989/mc.2011.64010

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Accessory phases identified under optical microscopy and SEM are monazite (Mnz), xenotime (Xtm), zircon (Zrn), apatite (Ap), allanite (Aln), rutile (Rt), magnetite/hematite (Mag/Hem), chalcopyrite (Ccp), pyrite/pyrrhotite (Py/Po), galena (Gn), sphalerite (Sp) and pentlandite (Pn) (abbreviations according to Whitney and Evans, 2010). This mineral composition was partly identified in previous works (Cárdenes et al, 2010;Gómez Fernández et al, 2009;Pérez Estaún, 1978;Santofimia et al, 2020Santofimia et al, , 2022Ward and Gómez Fernández, 2003). The studied samples under thin section present a slaty cleavage, parallel/sub-parallel to sedimentary lamination (S0), and have a fine grain matrix with different domains.…”

Section: Petrography and Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Previous research on these Ordovician shales in NW the Iberian Peninsula comprises fundamental studies about provenance and paleoclimate (Bernárdez et al, 2006;Gutiérrez-Marco et al, 2010;Ugidos et al, 2004) and applied studies to document the stratigraphy, structure and mechanical properties related to the use of these black shales as a roofing slates (Barros, 1989;Cárdenes et al, 2005Cárdenes et al, , 2012Fernández, 2001;Gómez-Fernández et al, 2012, 2017Wenk et al, 2022). Geochemical, mineralogical and petrographic data has been obtained in some of these investigations (Cárdenes et al, 2010(Cárdenes et al, , 2013(Cárdenes et al, , 2021Gómez-Fernández et al, 2009;Santofimia et al, 2022;Ward and Gómez-Fernández 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gondwana platform paleoenvironment reconstruction: Insights from Ordovician black-grey shales in NW Iberia

Lozano,

González-Menéndez,

González-Álvarez

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Gondwana developed marine platforms at its northern edge with Paleozoic deposits reflecting varied paleoclimatic conditions. In the northwestern (NW) Iberian Peninsula (NW Gondwana), Ordovician black-grey shales and sandstones were deposited in these platforms at southern polar latitudes. The current research contributes to a better understanding of the recycling, climate, and redox conditions during the deposition of black-grey shales in the low/mid-Ordovician period. During the Lower-Middle Ordovician period, the black-grey shales recorded an increase in recycling (Th/Sc, Zr/Sc, Zr/Ti, La/Th), low level of chemical alteration (CIA, Th/U) and relatively low oxygen conditions (Ce/Ce*, Y/Ho). These data indicate arid-cold conditions with a seasonal glacial-periglacial environment, consistent with the location of the NW Iberian Peninsula at low latitudes close to the South Pole. Towards the Middle Ordovician, the black-grey shales recorded a more temperate climate with higher levels of chemical alteration, less recycling, and a relatively more oxygenated environment, what suggests a transition to a moderate climate with no glacial events developed. This climate evolution could have been promoted by the progressive Gondwana drift away from the south pole aided by CO2 input to the atmosphere from alkaline mafic intraplate volcanism linked with a previous felsic LIP event in this area. The rapid decline of this volcanism and the partial alteration of its products (fixing CO2) could have contributed to the development of the Hirnantian glacial conditions during the Upper Ordovician, which brings a new view of the secular climatic evolution of the Earth during the Ordovician.

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Section: Petrography and Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gondwana platform paleoenvironment reconstruction: Insights from Ordovician black-grey shales in NW Iberia

Lozano,

González-Menéndez,

González-Álvarez

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The presence of sulfides is one of the points explicitly addressed by standards about technical specifications of slates (Cárdenes et al [89]). According to a survey developed by Cárdenes et al [90], oxidation stains account for around 86% of the costs associated with litigations related to slate pathologies for a company. Commercial reclamations related to oxidation stains in the application of granite slabs have also been relayed to the first author by a former student.…”

Section: Water As Releaser Of Pollutants From Stonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water on Natural Stone in the Built Environment—A Review

et al. 2021

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The present work reviews studies with information on the effects of water by itself on stones of the built environment both to assess the impact of this substance and to discuss possible implications for conservation. The analysis concerns empirical results from previous publications dealing with the effects, on several rock types, of freeze–thaw, wetting, erosion by running water and substances resulting from the water–stone interaction. Laboratory studies have shown that water freezing can cause physical damage even in low porosity rocks. As far as we know, this is the first review that considers comparative laboratory studies of freeze–thaw and salt crystallization on the same rock specimens, and these point to lower erosive effects than salt weathering, as freeze–thaw can provoke catastrophic cracking. Wetting has shown strong damaging effects on some fine-grained clastic rocks. Erosive features have been reported for rain exposition and for some fountain settings albeit, in these field studies, it could be difficult to assess the contribution of pollutants transported by water (this assessment could have meaningful implications for stone conservation, especially in fountain settings). Water also interacts with stone constituents, namely sulfides and soluble salts, releasing substances that could impact those stones. Sulfides are a relatively frequent issue for slates and granites, and our observations suggest that for this last rock type, this issue is mostly associated with the presence of enclaves and, hence, avoiding the surface exposition of such enclaves could solve the problem.

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Effect of environmental relative humidity in the tensile strength of layering in slate stone

Garcia-Fernandez

Álvarez‐Fernández

Cardoso

et al. 2019

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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Ensayos normativos para la caracterización de patologías en pizarras para cubiertas

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Gondwana platform paleoenvironment reconstruction: Insights from Ordovician black-grey shales in NW Iberia

Gondwana platform paleoenvironment reconstruction: Insights from Ordovician black-grey shales in NW Iberia

Effects of Water on Natural Stone in the Built Environment—A Review

Effect of environmental relative humidity in the tensile strength of layering in slate stone

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