Quantitative investigations into the histostructural nature of the human putamen

Schmitt, Oliver; Eggers, Reinhard; Haug, H

doi:10.1016/s0940-9602(11)80153-6

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, Garcia-Amado and Prensa 23 reported that the neuronal number tended to decrease in the human amygdala with age. Schmitt et al 25 reported that the total neuronal number of the human putamen did not correlate significantly with age. Therefore, it is thought that the neuronal number may not change significantly with aging in the human grey matters of the examined limbic system and basal ganglia, except for the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cellular composition of the grey matter basically consists of three cell populations: neurons, glia and endothelial cells. There are numerous reports on age-related changes of the neuronal number in the hippocampus [17][18][19][20] , mammillary body 21,22 , amygdala 23,24 and basal ganglia 25,26 . Simic et al 17 reported that in the human hippocampus, the neuronal number declined in specific hippocampal areas (CA1 and subiculum) with aging, but not in other areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Close relationships among the seven grey matters of the limbic system and basal ganglia with regard to the phosphorus content

Tohno¹,

Tohno²,

Azuma³

et al. 2013

OA Anatomy

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Introduction Our aim was to elucidate compositional changes of the brain with aging; we investigated the relationships among the seven grey matters belonging to the limbic system and basal ganglia with regard to their phosphorous content. Materials and methods After ordinary dissections were completed, the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, mammillary body, amygdala, caudate nucleus, putamen and globuspallidus of the grey matter, were removed from the identical brains of the subjects. The subjects consisted of 22 men and 23 women. After the brain samples were incinerated with nitric acid and perchloric acid, the phosphorous content was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Results We found that there were extremely significant, direct correlations among the phosphorous contents of all the seven grey matters: the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, mammillary body, amygdala, caudate nucleus, putamen and globuspallidus. Conclusion It is reasonable to presume that the phosphorous content in the grey matter of the brain indicates the active cell density, i.e. the number of active cells per volume. Therefore, there is a possibility that the active cell densities correlate well and directly among all the seven grey matters of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, mammillary body, amygdala, caudate nucleus, putamen and globuspallidus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close relationships among the seven grey matters of the limbic system and basal ganglia with regard to the phosphorus content

Tohno¹,

Tohno²,

Azuma³

et al. 2013

OA Anatomy

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“…Growing evidence reveals that toxic Ab directly induces tau hyperphosphorylation and accumulation, leading to neurodegeneration processes in affected neurons in AD (39,40). Pathological observations reveal that tau aggregates, but not amyloid deposits, actually correlate with dementia severity and extent of neuronal loss (41,42). Therefore, whether FAD iPSC-derived neurons exhibit accumulation of phosphorylated tau during extended culture periods should be addressed, and future studies must also focus on the biochemical dynamics of tau protein in iPSC-derived neurons treated with exogenous Ab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling familial Alzheimer's disease with induced pluripotent stem cells

Yagi¹,

Ito²,

Okada³

et al. 2011

Human Molecular Genetics

536

434

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive disturbance. Mutations of presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are causative factors for autosomal-dominant early-onset familial AD (FAD). Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology can be used to model human disorders and provide novel opportunities to study cellular mechanisms and establish therapeutic strategies against various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Here we generate iPSCs from fibroblasts of FAD patients with mutations in PS1 (A246E) and PS2 (N141I), and characterize the differentiation of these cells into neurons. We find that FAD-iPSC-derived differentiated neurons have increased amyloid β42 secretion, recapitulating the molecular pathogenesis of mutant presenilins. Furthermore, secretion of amyloid β42 from these neurons sharply responds to γ-secretase inhibitors and modulators, indicating the potential for identification and validation of candidate drugs. Our findings demonstrate that the FAD-iPSC-derived neuron is a valid model of AD and provides an innovative strategy for the study of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.

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