Quantitative genetics approaches to study evolutionary processes in ecotoxicology; a perspective from research on the evolution of resistance

Klerks, Paul L.; Xie, Lingtian; Levinton, Jeffrey S.

doi:10.1007/s10646-011-0640-2

Cited by 73 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Understanding the mechanisms and evolutionary consequences for populations subjected to sources of pollution has recently become a major research area because we need to improve ecological risk assessment (ERA) processes (Coutellec & Barata, 2011; Klerks, Xie, & Levinton, 2011). Our results confirm the existence of trade‐offs between adaptation to a particular stressor and the capacity of a population to cope with other future stressors (Coustau et al., 2000; Roff & Fairbairn, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

Dutilleul

Réale

Goussen

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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Some populations quickly adapt to strong and novel selection pressures caused by anthropogenic stressors. However, this short‐term evolutionary response to novel and harsh environmental conditions may lead to adaptation costs, and evaluating these costs is important if we want to understand the evolution of resistance to anthropogenic stressors. In this experimental evolution study, we exposed Caenorhabditis elegans populations to uranium (U populations), salt (NaCl populations) and alternating uranium/salt treatments (U/NaCl populations) and to a control environment (C populations), over 22 generations. In parallel, we ran common‐garden and reciprocal‐transplant experiments to assess the adaptive costs for populations that have evolved in the different environmental conditions. Our results showed rapid evolutionary changes in life history characteristics of populations exposed to the different pollution regimes. Furthermore, adaptive costs depended on the type of pollutant: pollution‐adapted populations had lower fitness than C populations, when the populations were returned to their original environment. Fitness in uranium environments was lower for NaCl populations than for U populations. In contrast, fitness in salt environments was similar between U and NaCl populations. Moreover, fitness of U/NaCl populations showed similar or higher fitness in both the uranium and the salt environments compared to populations adapted to constant uranium or salt environments. Our results show that adaptive evolution to a particular stressor can lead to either adaptive costs or benefits once in contact with another stressor. Furthermore, we did not find any evidence that adaptation to alternating stressors was associated with additional adaption costs. This study highlights the need to incorporate adaptive cost assessments when undertaking ecological risk assessments of pollutants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

Dutilleul

Réale

Goussen

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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“…significantly, and to a large extent (48%-81%) determined by genetic factors and that the relative Cd-516 tolerance trait (as defined in Eq. 2) can respond to selection (Klerks et al, 2011;Visscher et al, 2008). 517…”

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confidence: 99%

The initial tolerance to sub-lethal Cd exposure is the same among ten naïve pond populations of Daphnia magna, but their micro-evolutionary potential to develop resistance is very different

et al. 2013

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The initial tolerance to sub-lethal Cd exposure is the same among ten naïve pond populations of 1 Daphnia magna, but their micro-evolutionary potential to develop resistance is very different 2 3This is a post-print of a paper published in Aquatic Toxicology (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The 4 Netherlands). The contents are identical to those in the published version. Daphnia magna as well as their evolutionary potential to develop increased resistance. We did so by 31 measuring reproductive performance of 120 clones, i.e. 12 clones hatched from the recent dormant egg 32 bank of each of 10 populations, both in absence (Cd-free control) and presence of 4.4 µg Cd/L. We 33show that the initial tolerance, defined as the reproductive performance of individuals of the first 34 generation exposed to Cd relative to that in a Cd-free control was not significantly different among the 35 10 studied pond populations and averaged 0.82 ± 0.04 over these populations. Moreover, these 36 populations' initial tolerances were also not significantly different from the mean initial tolerance of 37 0.87 ± 0.08 at 4.0 µg Cd/L measured for a group of 7 often-used laboratory clones, collected from a 38 range of European ecotoxicity testing laboratories. This indicates that the initial response of naïve 39 natural pond populations to sub-lethal Cd can be relatively accurately predicted from ecotoxicity test 40 data from only a handful of laboratory clones. We then used estimates of broad-sense heritability of 41 Cd tolerance (H 2 ) -based on the same dataset -as a proxy of these populations' capacities to 42 evolutionarily respond to Cd in terms of the development of increased resistance, which is here 43 defined as the increase with time of the frequency of clones with a higher Cd tolerance in the 44 population (accompanied with an increase of mean Cd-tolerance of the population above the initial 45 tolerance). We show that the populations' estimated H 2 values of Cd-tolerance cover almost the entire 46 theoretically possible range, ranging from not significantly different from zero (for five populations) to 47 between 0.48 and 0.81 (for the five other populations). This indicates that, unlike the initial tolerance 48 to Cd, the (long-term) micro-evolutionary response to Cd may be very different among natural pond 49 populations. Therefore, we conclude that it may be very difficult to predict the long-term response of 50 an unstudied population to chemical stress from tolerance data on a sample of other populations. It is 51 therefore suggested that new methods for forecasting long-term responses should be explored, such as 52 4 the development of predictive models based on the combination of population-genomic and tolerance 53 time-series data. 54 55

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“…Elements of evolutionary biology have started to become utilized in various aspects of toxicology. For example, theoretical and analytical studies have developed and incorporated evolutionary techniques for ecotoxicology (e.g., Bélanger‐Deschênes et al., 2013; Klerks, Xie, & Levinton, 2011) while conceptual studies have developed frameworks for integrating evolution and ecotoxicology (e.g., Leung et al., 2017). Empirical studies have increasingly been detecting evolutionary responses in diverse environmental contexts, for example, in response to mining effluents and industrial pollutants (Bougas et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2015; García‐Balboa et al., 2013; Laporte et al., 2016; Reid et al., 2016).…”

Section: Evolutionary Toxicology—building a Foundation For Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary toxicology: Toward a unified understanding of life's response to toxic chemicals

Brady

Monosson

Matson

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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Quantitative genetics approaches to study evolutionary processes in ecotoxicology; a perspective from research on the evolution of resistance

Cited by 73 publications

References 80 publications

Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

The initial tolerance to sub-lethal Cd exposure is the same among ten naïve pond populations of Daphnia magna, but their micro-evolutionary potential to develop resistance is very different

Evolutionary toxicology: Toward a unified understanding of life's response to toxic chemicals

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