Quantitative Evaluation of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and Other Fluorochemicals in the Serum of Children

Olsen, Geary W.; Church, Timothy R.; Hansen, Kristen J.; Burris, Jean M.; Butenhoff, John L.; Mandel, Jeffrey H.; Zobel, Larry R.

doi:10.1080/15417060490447378

Cited by 57 publications

(116 citation statements)

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“…The majority of serum PFOA levels in these residents exceeded the maximums reported in previous community studies in other geographic locations. For example, the range of serum PFOA levels for 645 U.S. adult blood donors was from 1.9 ng/ mL to 52.3 ng/mL (4), for 238 elderly volunteers in Seattle was 1.4 ng/mL to 16.7 ng/mL (5) and for 598 children from across the US was from 1.9 ng/mL to 56.1 ng/mL (9). The serum PFOA levels for the thirty comparison subjects for the Philadelphia area in our study all fell within previously reported normal population ranges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community Exposure to Perfluorooctanoate: Relationships Between Serum Concentrations and Exposure Sources

Emmett

Shofer

Zhang

et al. 2006

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

318

300

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Objective-To determine serum [PFOA] in residents near a fluoropolymer production facility: the contributions from air, water and occupational exposures, personal and dietary habits, and relationships to age and gender.Methods-Questionnaire and serum PFOA measurements in a stratified random sample and volunteers residing in locations with the same residential water supply but with higher and lower potential air PFOA exposure. [PFOA] greatly exceeded general population medians. Occupational exposure from production processes using PFOA and residential water had additive effects, no other occupations contributed. Serum [PFOA] depended on the source of residential drinking water, and not potential air exposure. For public water users the best-fit model included age, tap water drinks per day, servings of home-grown fruit and vegetables, and carbon filter use. Results-SerumConclusions-Residential water source was the primary determinant of serum [PFOA].

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the general US population, median serum PFOA values are around 4 to 5 ng/mL, occasional values are above 20 ng/mL (4,5,9) with no significant gender differences. Analyses of blood samples from residents near Washington County, Maryland found a 2-fold increase in serum PFOA levels between 1974 and 1989 (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Exposure to Perfluorooctanoate: Relationships Between Serum Concentrations and Exposure Sources

Emmett

Shofer

Zhang

et al. 2006

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

318

300

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“…Mean serum PFAA concentrations (such as perfluorohexane sulfonic acid) were reportedly higher in children than in adult/elderly populations (Olsen et al, 2004). In the Little Hocking water district, an area of high environmental PFOA exposure, children age two to five and the elderly had significantly increased PFOA serum levels when compared with other age groups (Emmett et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phenotypic dichotomy following developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in female CD-1 mice: Low doses induce elevated serum leptin and insulin, and overweight in mid-life☆

Hines

White

Stanko

et al. 2009

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

244

188

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a b s t r a c tThe synthetic surfactant, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a proven developmental toxicant in mice, causing pregnancy loss, increased neonatal mortality, delayed eye opening, and abnormal mammary gland growth in animals exposed during fetal life. PFOA is found in the sera and tissues of wildlife and humans throughout the world, but is especially high in the sera of children compared to adults. These studies in CD-1 mice aim to determine the latent health effects of PFOA following: (1) an in utero exposure, (2) an in utero exposure followed by ovariectomy (ovx), or (3) exposure as an adult. Mice were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, or 5 mg PFOA/kg BW for 17 days of pregnancy or as young adults. Body weight was reduced in the highest doses on postnatal day (PND) 1 and at weaning. However, the lowest exposures (0.01-0.3 mg/kg) significantly increased body weight, and serum insulin and leptin (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) in mid-life after developmental exposure. PFOA exposure combined with ovx caused no additional increase in mid-life body weight. At 18 months of age, the effects of in utero PFOA exposure on body weight were no longer detected. White adipose tissue and spleen weights were decreased at high doses of PFOA in intact developmentally exposed mice, and spleen weight was reduced in PFOA-exposed ovx mice. Brown adipose tissue weight was significantly increased in both ovx and intact mice at high PFOA doses. Liver weight was unaffected in late life by these exposure paradigms. Finally, there was no effect of adult exposure to PFOA on body weight. These studies demonstrate an important window of exposure for low-dose effects of PFOA on body weight gain, as well as leptin and insulin concentrations in mid-life, at a lowest observed effect level of 0.01 mg PFOA/kg BW. The mode of action of these effects and its relevance to human health remain to be explored.Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

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“…Therefore, high concentrations of PFOS and PFOA could be detected in younger children, although during future growth and development they will continually be exposed to these pollutants. Some other studies have also reported higher PFCs levels in younger people than in older people [30][31][32].…”

Section: Geographical Trendsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Pooled serum samples from Australians under the age of 15 years had PFOS and PFOA levels equal to or higher than those in adults [30]. The mean concentrations of PFOS and additional PFCs in children aged <12 years in the United States exceeded those for adult and elderly populations [31]. The mean concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in pooled sera from children (3-11 years old) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 were higher than the mean concentrations for adolescents and adults [32].…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in the fingernails of urban and rural children

Liu

Jin

2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are two typical perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), found in a wide range of environmental media and organisms, including humans. Human biomonitoring studies of body fluids have revealed that in many areas of the world the general population has been exposed to background levels of PFOS and PFOA. Fingernail has been suggested as a promising biopsy material for assessment of PFCs environmental exposure. In the present study, PFOS and PFOA were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) in fingernails of urban and rural children (N=93) aged 6-12 years. A questionnaire was conducted to determine factors that could influence the PFOS and PFOA levels in the children. The levels of PFOS in urban children were significantly higher (geometric mean (GM)=328 ng/g) than those in rural children (GM=27 ng/g). In contrast, PFOA levels were significantly lower in the urban children compared with the rural children. Significant positive correlation (R=0.53, P<0.05 for urban areas; R=0.71; P<0.001 for rural areas) between the PFOS and PFOA concentrations indicated they had similar sources. The PFOS and PFOA levels were higher in fingernail samples from children aged <9 years than in children aged ≥9 years. In addition, females had higher PFOA levels than males, in both regions. Other factors that significantly influenced PFOS and PFOA levels were dietary habits and socio-economic background. The results of this study indicate fingernails are a suitable material for biomonitoring of PFCs environmental exposure. However, the levels determined in the fingernail samples need to be first evaluated with regard to the levels determined in other samples, such as human serum.perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, fingernails, biomarker, environmental exposure Citation:Xu L, Liu W, Jin Y H. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in the fingernails of urban and rural children.

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Quantitative Evaluation of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and Other Fluorochemicals in the Serum of Children

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Community Exposure to Perfluorooctanoate: Relationships Between Serum Concentrations and Exposure Sources

Community Exposure to Perfluorooctanoate: Relationships Between Serum Concentrations and Exposure Sources

Phenotypic dichotomy following developmental exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in female CD-1 mice: Low doses induce elevated serum leptin and insulin, and overweight in mid-life☆

Perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in the fingernails of urban and rural children

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