Quantitative estimation of water use efficiency and evapotranspiration under varying nitrogen levels and sowing dates for rainfed and irrigated maize

Srivastava, R. K.; Panda, Rutuparna; Chakraborty, Arun; Halder, Debjani

doi:10.1007/s00704-019-03005-5

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The WUE of the corn was also decreased for a lower nitrogen application rate. These results were in agreement with the findings of [57,58]. Table 4 shows the water uptake under different levels of applied nitrogen and received rainfall.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Nitrogen and Rainfall Effects on Crop Growth—Experimental Results and Scenario Analyses

Shahadha

Wendroth

Ding

2021

Water

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Nitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for crop growth; however, its effect on crop growth and evapotranspiration (ETc) behaviors under different amounts of rainfall is not well understood. As such, there is a need for studying the impact of nitrogen application rates and rainfall amounts on crop growth and ETc components. Agricultural system models help to fill this knowledge gap, e.g., the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2), which integrates crop growth-related processes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the nitrogen application rate on crop growth, soil water dynamics, and ETc behavior under different rainfall amounts by using experimental data and the RZWQM2. A field study was conducted from 2016 to 2019 with three nitrogen application rates (0, 70 and 130 kg N ha−1) for unirrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and two nitrogen application rates (0 and 205 kg N ha−1) for unirrigated corn (Zea mays L.). For the period of 1986–2019, the amounts of actual rainfall during each crop growth period are categorized into four groups. Each rainfall group is used as a rainfall scenario in the RZWQM2 to explore the interactions between the rainfall amounts and N levels on the resulting crop growth and water status. The results show that the model satisfactorily captures the interaction effects of nitrogen application rates and rainfall amounts on the daily ETc and soil water dynamics. The nitrogen application rate showed a noticeable impact on the behavior of soil water dynamics and ETc components. The 75% rainfall scenario yielded the highest nitrogen uptake for both crops. This scenario revealed the highest water consumption for wheat, while corn showed the highest water uptake for the 100% rainfall scenario. The interaction between a high nitrogen level and 50% rainfall yielded the highest water use efficiency, while low nitrogen and 125% rainfall yielded the highest nitrogen use efficiency. A zero nitrogen rate yielded the highest ETc and lowest soil water content among all treatments. Moreover, the impacts of the nitrogen application rate on ETc behavior, crop growth, and soil water dynamics differed depending on the received rainfall amount.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Nitrogen and Rainfall Effects on Crop Growth—Experimental Results and Scenario Analyses

Shahadha

Wendroth

Ding

2021

Water

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“…where D e,i−1 is the cumulative depth of evaporation from the soil surface layer at the end of day i − 1 (the previous day) (mm); TEW, total evaporable water, is the maximum cumulative depth of evaporation from the soil surface layer when K r = 0 (mm); REW, readily evaporable water, is the value obtained from the FAO Irrigation and drainage paper (56) for silt loam soils, namely 10 mm up to a depth of 10 cm. When D e,i−1 ≤ REW, K r = 1.0.…”

Section: Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Ground Measurements and UAV Sensed Vegetation Indices for Yield Prediction of Common Bean Grown under Different Irrigation Treatments and Sowing Periods

Lipovac

Bezdan

Moravčević

et al. 2022

Water

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The objective of this study is to assess the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral imagery for rapid monitoring, water stress detection and yield prediction under different sowing periods and irrigation treatments of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, L). The study used a two-factorial split-plot design, divided into subplots. There were three sowing periods (plots; I—mid April, II—end of May/beginning of June, III—third decade of June/beginning of July) and three levels of irrigation (subplots; full irrigation (F)—providing 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), deficit irrigation (R)—providing 80% of ETc, and deficit irrigation (S) providing—60% of ETc). Canopy cover (CC), leaf area index (LAI), transpiration (T) and soil moisture (Sm) were monitored in all treatments during the growth period. A multispectral camera was mounted on a drone on seven occasions during two years of research which provided raw multispectral images. The NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), MCARI1 (Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index), NDRE (Normalized Difference Red Edge), GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI) were computed from the images. The results indicated that NDVI, MCARI1 and GNDVI derived from the UAV are sensitive to water stress in S treatments, while mild water stress among the R treatments could not be detected. The NDVI and MCARI1 of the II-S treatment predicted yields better (r2 = 0.65, y = 4.01 tha−1; r2 = 0.70, y = 4.28 tha−1) than of III-S (r2 = 0.012, y = 3.54 tha−1; r2 = 0.020, y = 3.7 tha−1). The use of NDVI and MCARI will be able to predict common bean yields under deficit irrigation conditions. However, remote sensing methods did not reveal pest invasion, so good yield predictions require observations in the field. Generally, a low-flying UAV proved to be useful for monitoring crop status and predicting yield and water stress in different irrigation regimes and sowing period.

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“…Thus somewhat less residual SMC may be expected after crops that receive 100 compared to the 0% fertilizer rate. Srivastava et al (2020) observed cumulative evapotranspiration to be higher for both rainfed (N60-N100) and irrigated maize (N75-N125) in comparison with N0 nitrogen level. Shahadha et al (2021) found with increasing N rate under high rainfall amounts, the crop transpiration increased whereas the soil evaporation decreased.…”

Section: Barlementioning

confidence: 80%

“…On a loam soil from 1967 to 1984 years, Campbell et al (1998) reported higher wheat yield per unit of water use from better-fertilized rotations. Srivastava et al (2020) stated that water use efficiency for corn grain yield was higher for both rainfed (N60-N100) and irrigated (N75-N125) in comparison with N0 nitrogen level. Oberle and Keeney (1990) observed that for rainfed environments, preplant and early season precipitation amounts were important factors in explaining yield responses and were the factors that caused optimal N rates for maximum corn yield; and N management could cause variation in yield with no differences in amounts of water use.…”

Section: Barlementioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilizer Effects on Soil Moisture Changes during Crop Growing Seasons of Dryland Agriculture in Northwestern Alberta, Canada

Gill¹

2022

JAS

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Efficient use of limited soil moisture resources is important for crop production in dryland agriculture in the study area. Understanding the changes in soil moisture during crop growing seasons can improve crop production. The objectives of the current study were to assess the effects of fertilizer application on soil moisture content (SMC) and its depletion patterns during the growing season. Changes in SMC in the 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 cm depths soil were monitored during the 2013-2015 growing seasons under canola (Brassica napus L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops with 0 and 100% rates of commercial chemical fertilizers. The crops were grown using direct seeding (DS) on a clay loam soil in the southeast Peace Region (legal: NW7-77-20W5; GPS: 55o39′38.43″ N, 117o6′10.64″ W) of Alberta, Canada. Fertilizer application reduced the SMC at all the soil depths during considerable crop growing seasons. Depletion of SMC started earlier in fertilized pots in 2013 and 2014, but not in the drier early season of 2015. Rapid depletion during the early and middle of growing seasons was followed by slower or no soil moisture depletion by crops near the end. The SMC tended to be somewhat lower under 100 than 0% fertilizer by the end of the growing seasons, with few exceptions. The start of SMC depletion and appearance of fertilizer rates effect after seeding was also influenced by the amount of SMC at seeding in spring, i.e. earlier in dry year of 2015 than in other years with higher SMC in spring and more rain. The results demonstrated that applying fertilizer increased soil water use by plants regardless of the crop type or growing season. They also indicated that if more soil moisture was available, the differences between fertilizer treatments might have continued for extended periods, and yields of fertilized crops may have benefitted more.

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Quantitative estimation of water use efficiency and evapotranspiration under varying nitrogen levels and sowing dates for rainfed and irrigated maize

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Nitrogen and Rainfall Effects on Crop Growth—Experimental Results and Scenario Analyses

Nitrogen and Rainfall Effects on Crop Growth—Experimental Results and Scenario Analyses

Correlation between Ground Measurements and UAV Sensed Vegetation Indices for Yield Prediction of Common Bean Grown under Different Irrigation Treatments and Sowing Periods

Fertilizer Effects on Soil Moisture Changes during Crop Growing Seasons of Dryland Agriculture in Northwestern Alberta, Canada

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