Quantitative Estimation and Chemical Coding of Spiny Type I Neurons in Human Intestines

Schuy, Julia; Schlabrakowski, Anne; Neuhuber, Winfried; Brehmer, Axel

doi:10.1159/000320542

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…They are uniaxonal with spiny shaped dendrites (spiny type I morphology; Brehmer et al 2004a; Lindig et al 2009). Besides their reactivity for the nitrergic marker neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), some of them co-stain immunohistochemically for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; Brehmer et al 2006; Schuy et al 2011). In contrast, cholinergic myenteric neurons, immunoreactive for the common choline acetyltransferase (cChAT), include primary afferent, inter-, and excitatory motor neurons as mainly known from the guinea pig (Furness 2006).…”

Section: Structural Components Of the Human Enteric Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even more conspicuously, the fraction of nitrergic neurons co-localizing VIP increased disproportionately. In non-chagasic/non-megacolonic colon, nNOS/VIP-neurons amounted to only 9 % (Schuy et al 2011), whereas in chagasic/megacolonic samples, up to 51 % (Jabari et al 2012b). Generally, these changes in ganglionic composition were paralleled by changes in intramuscular nerve fibre spectrum.…”

Section: Chagasic Megacolon: Myenteric Neurons and Intramuscular Nervmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chagasic megacolon: enteric neurons and related structures

Jabari

Oliveira

Brehmer

et al. 2014

Histochem Cell Biol

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Megacolon, the irreversible dilation of a colonic segment, is a structural sign associated with various gastrointestinal disorders. In its hereditary, secondary form (e.g. in Hirschsprung’s disease), dilation occurs in an originally healthy colonic segment due to an anally located, aganglionic zone. In contrast, in chronic Chagas’ disease, the dilated segment itself displays pathohistological changes, and the earliest and most prominent being found was massive loss of myenteric neurons. This neuron loss was partial and selective, i.e. some neurons containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase and/or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were spared from neuron death. This disproportionate survival of inhibitory neurons, however, did not completely correlate with the calibre change along the surgically removed, megacolonic segments. A better correlation was observed as to potentially contractile muscle tissue elements and the interstitial cells of Cajal. Therefore, the decreased densities of α-smooth muscle actin- and c-kit-immunoreactive profiles were estimated along resected megacolonic segments. Their lowest values were observed in the megacolonic zones itself, whereas less pronounced decreases were found in the non-dilated, transitional zones (oral and anal to dilation). In contrast to the myenteric plexus, the submucosal plexus displayed only a moderate neuron loss. Neurons co-immunoreactive for VIP and calretinin survived disproportionately. As a consequence, these neurons may have contributed to maintain the epithelial barrier and allowed the chagasic patients to survive for decades, despite their severe disturbance of colonic motility. Due to its neuroprotective and neuroeffectory functions, VIP may play a key role in the development and duration of chagasic megacolon.

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Section: Structural Components Of the Human Enteric Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chagasic Megacolon: Myenteric Neurons and Intramuscular Nervmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chagasic megacolon: enteric neurons and related structures

Jabari

Oliveira

Brehmer

et al. 2014

Histochem Cell Biol

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“…However, the large number of nerve fibres and overlapping nerve cells can obscure their detail. [27][28][29] This can be overcome by staining with antibodies to HuC/D, which labels only nerve cell bodies. 24,30,31 Extrinsic neural pathways While intramural enteric neural pathways play a crucial role in gut function, the gut is also innervated by extrinsic neural pathways.…”

Section: Cellular Morphology Of Enteric Neuronesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such whole‐mounts of human myenteric plexus enable size and shape of enteric neurons to be appreciated 23,25,26 using a variety of stains. However, the large number of nerve fibres and overlapping nerve cells can obscure their detail 27–29 . This can be overcome by staining with antibodies to HuC/D, which labels only nerve cell bodies 24,30,31 …”

Section: Structure Of the Enteric Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human enteric nervous system. Historical and modern advances. Collaboration between science and surgery

Wattchow

Hibberd

Spencer

et al. 2022

ANZ Journal of Surgery

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Background: There are considerable advantages and opportunities for surgeons and trainee surgeons in conducting a period of research allied with basic scientists. Such clinicians are well placed to define relevant clinical questions, provide human material (tissue, biopsy and blood) and translate the techniques derived in experimental animals to human subjects. Methods: This small review explores research conducted on the nervous system of the intestines, with an emphasis on the translation of findings from animal to human. Results: This work shows that new techniques of immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing, developed in animal tissue, have greatly expanded our knowledge of the structure of the human enteric nervous system. Conclusions: Such findings have sparked therapeutic trials for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in patients.

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“…Proportions of type III and type V neurons were not yet estimated; the latter are mainly present in the upper small intestine (asterisk). Data fromBrehmer et al (2005Brehmer et al ( , 2006,Weidmann et al (2007),Beck et al (2009),Schuy et al (2011), Zetzmann et al (2018…”

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confidence: 99%

Classification of human enteric neurons

Brehmer

2021

Histochem Cell Biol

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Major advances in our understanding of the functional heterogeneity of enteric neurons are driven by the application of newly developed, innovative methods. In contrast to this progress, both animal and human enteric neurons are usually divided into only two morphological subpopulations, “Dogiel type II” neurons (with several long processes) and “Dogiel type I” neurons (with several short processes). This implies no more than the distinction of intrinsic primary afferent from all other enteric neurons. The well-known chemical and functional diversity of enteric neurons is not reflected by this restrictive dichotomy of morphological data. Recent structural investigations of human enteric neurons were performed by different groups which mainly used two methodical approaches, namely detecting the architecture of their processes and target-specific tracing of their axonal courses. Both methods were combined with multiple immunohistochemistry in order to decipher neurochemical codes. This review integrates these morphological and immunohistological data and presents a classification of human enteric neurons which we believe is not yet complete but provides an essential foundation for the further development of human gastrointestinal neuropathology.

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Quantitative Estimation and Chemical Coding of Spiny Type I Neurons in Human Intestines

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Chagasic megacolon: enteric neurons and related structures

Chagasic megacolon: enteric neurons and related structures

The human enteric nervous system. Historical and modern advances. Collaboration between science and surgery

Classification of human enteric neurons

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