Quantitative Determination of Bacterial Endotoxin in Middle Ear Effusions by Chromogenic Substrate Method

Jinnin, Takashi; Dake, Yoshihiro; Kusumoto, Takeo; Tabata, Toshihide

doi:10.1016/s0385-8146(85)80114-0

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Viscous effusions contain on average eight times more bacterial endotoxin 117 and higher levels of IL‐8 66 and other markers of inflammation, such as platelet activating factor, 118 neutrophil elastase α‐1 antitrypsin, 119 transforming growth factor β 120 and superoxide dismutase. 121 The presence of a viscous effusion may therefore indicate that inflammatory factors predominate in that ear.…”

Section: What Is In the Effusion?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology of otitis media with effusion: a review

2000

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Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of deafness in children in the developed world. In this article we aim to present an overview of current research developments on the aetiology of OME and the resulting implications for treatment. In the model we describe, the primary event is inflammation of the middle ear mucosa, usually due to the presence of bacteria. This leads to the release of inflammatory mediators, which cause secretion of a mucin-rich effusion by up-regulating mucin genes. Prolonged stimulation of the inflammatory response and poor mucociliary clearance lead to persistence of the middle ear fluid, giving rise to the clinical presentation of OME. We describe OME in the following sequence: the initial production of the effusion, the composition of the effusion produced, and factors impairing clearance of the effusion.

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Section: What Is In the Effusion?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology of otitis media with effusion: a review

2000

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“…Further studies showed that bacteria were cultured in 31% of viscous effusions, as opposed to 13% of serous effusions 23 . Viscous effusions have also been documented to contain 8 times more bacterial endotoxin 24 and higher levels of IL‐8, 25 neutrophil elastase alpha‐1 antitrypsin, 26 platelet‐activating factor, 27 superoxide dismutase, 28 and transforming factor beta than serous effusions 29 . While these findings illustrate the differences between serous and mucoid MEE, there has not been a consensus of opinion regarding the clinical significance of this information, such as prognosis of each type of effusion 30–32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Pediatric Middle Ear Effusions With Wideband Tympanometry

Callaham

Newby

Saoji

et al. 2020

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective To determine if wideband tympanometry (WBT) can differentiate types of middle ear effusion (MEE): serous, mucoid, and purulent. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care children’s hospital. Methods Children who met American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery’s guidelines for ventilation tube insertion had WBT after anesthesia induction but before tympanotomy. MEE was categorized into 1 of 4 comparison groups: serous effusion, mucoid effusion, purulent effusion, or no effusion. WBT measurements were averaged to 16 one-third octave frequency bands, and comparison of the absorbance patterns for each MEE type was performed through a linear mixed effects model. Results A total of 118 children (211 ears) were included: 47 females (39.8%) and 71 males (60.2%). The mean age was 2.73 years (95% CI, 2.25-3.22); mean weight, 14.35 kg (95% CI, 12.85-15.85); and mean Z score, 1.13 (95% CI, –0.64 to 2.33). Effusions included 61 mucoid (28.9%), 30 purulent (14.2%), and 14 serous (6.6%), with 106 (50.2%) having no effusion. No significant differences were found for sex, race, age, weight, or Z score among the 4 types of effusion ( P < .05). WBT showed a significant difference in median absorption among the effusion groups ( P < .001), with a medium effect size of 0.35. Conclusions WBT has potential use to differentiate types of MEE and should be studied further as a tool for investigating how the natural history and management of serous and mucoid effusions may differ.

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“…Viscous effusion in the middle ear was often caused by more severe bacteria infection and inflammatory response (17,18), so the curative possibility might be lower than those with serous effusion. The volume of effusion was found to play an unconspicuous role in affecting therapeutic efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%