l\ICWILLIAM, J . R. (C. S. I. R. 0., Canberra, Australia). Interspecific incompatability in Pinus. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(6): 425-433. Illus. 1959.-The problem of interspecific incompatibility in several intra-and intersectional crosses in the genus Pinus was investigated using both an anatomical and biochemical approach. To provide a background for this work, the development of ovules after intraspecific pollination and of unpollinated ovules was studied. The development of the gametophytes and fertilization after intraspecific pollination in Austrian pine was regular and showed no major deviation from previous descriptions.Unpollinated ovules of Austrian pine broke down approximately 1 mo. after the strobilus became receptive. The break-down appears to result from the lack of some growth factor in the ovule, which in pollinated ovules is probably initiated by the growth of the pollen tube in the nucellus. Parthenocarpy was not observed, nor could it be induced in unpollinated ovules, and it is considered to be a rare phenomenon in the species. The causes of incompatibility in the crosses studied (slash pine X Austrian pine; red pine X pitch pine; Austrian pine X pitch pine; red pine X Austrian pine; Austrian pine X red pine) appear to be related to the inability of the pollen tubes to function normally in the nucellar tissue of a foreign species. Factors that interfere with this normal development indirectly cause the breakdown of the developing gametophvte, and bring about the ultimate collapse of the ovule. In many respects this pattern of development resembles the situation in unpollinated ovules, and again the lack of a specific growth factor appears to be involved. The initial cause of incompatibility following the cross Austrian pine X red pine may be related to a chemical difference between the ovules of these species.Differences found in the concentration of amino acids, particularly arginine, result in a different chemical environment within the ovule. This may interfere with the normal metabolism of the pollen, affecting either its capacity to germinate or its ability to supply the necessary continued stimulus for the development of the gametophyte. Differences in the pattern and timing of the incompatibility reaction following interspecific pollination may reflect the extent of the genetic diversity between the species. In many crosses between species, the incompatibility reaction does not seem to be complete, as evidenced by the vigorous initial pollen tuhe growth in occasional ovules.