Quantitative determination of aluminium soaps in pitch deposits

Sitholé, Bruce; Tran, Thu Ngoc; Allen, L. H.

doi:10.3183/npprj-1996-11-02-p064-069

Cited by 6 publications

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“…130 Several techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, GC, NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were used to characterize both soluble and insoluble fractions. Metal soaps were also determined on a separate fraction of the deposit as described by Sitholé et al 158 The advantage of this scheme is that it simplifies the identification of the major classes of compounds, including wood resins, hydrocarbon oil, and extractable and nonextractable polymeric material, by separating them into individual fractions on the basis of differences in solubilities in different solvents. However, certain types of compounds, particularly polymers with wide molecular weight distributions, could be present in more than one fraction.…”

Section: Analysis Of Deposits and Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical schemes have also been devised for the analysis of metal soaps 158,161 and defoamers 162 in pitch deposits. Calcium and aluminum soaps of fatty acids, because of their highly sticky nature, can enhance the deposition of other components in pitch deposits, and are therefore considered to play an important role in the deposition process.…”

Section: Analysis Of Deposits and Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This scheme was modified for aluminum soaps because the latter are partially soluble in hot acetone and chloroform. 158 In this case, the initial extraction with acetone was conducted at room temperature to remove wood resin and hydrocarbon oil. This was followed by refluxing with acidic acetone to yield metal-bound acids and aluminum chloride precipitate.…”

Section: Analysis Of Deposits and Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical analysis plays an important role in pulp and paper research and in the day‐to‐day operation of pulp and paper mills. It is used in practically every aspect of the papermaking process, including the characterization of raw materials and products, optimization of process parameters, addressing environmental concerns, and diagnosing operation and product quality problems. This article provides an overview of the major types of chemical analyses conducted on pulp and paper matrices. The emphasis is mainly on the principle, significance, and applications of the various analyses. Major areas of application include the analysis of wood pulp, process liquids, paper, and deposits and contaminants. Analytical techniques and instrumentation range from the traditional or standard wet chemical and instrumental methods designed primarily for routine testing in mills to highly sophisticated techniques used mainly for research purposes.

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Section: Analysis Of Deposits and Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The sections in this article are Introduction Comparative Advantages and Limitations of Infrared and R aman Spectroscopies Topical Overview of Article History Early Pulp and Paper Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy Current Scope of FT ‐ IR and FT ‐ NIR Pulp and Paper Applications Current Scope of R aman Pulp and Paper Applications Sampling Methods FT ‐ IR Sampling Techniques DRIFTS ATR FT ‐ IR Microscopy PAS FT ‐ R aman Sampling Techniques Raman Microscopy R aman Fiber‐Optic Probes Laboratory Applications Lignocellulosic Material Characterization Cellulose and Lignin (Wood Species, Pulp, Paper) Color/Brightness Reversion Studies Extractives Analysis Contaminant Analysis Characterization of Papermaking Additives FT ‐ IR and FT ‐ NIR On‐Line Applications K raft Pulping Alkaline Sulfite Anthraquinone Methanol Pulping Other Applications FT ‐ R aman and Other Vibrational Spectroscopic Applications Lignin Content and K appa Number Determination Brightness Reversion and Photo‐Yellowing Classification of Wood Types Paper and Paper Additives Analysis Other Vibrational Spectroscopy Applications Performance, Maintenance and Data Quality Issues Performance and Maintenance Requirements Reststrahlen (Inversion) Bands in DRIFTS Optimization of ATR Sensitivity R aman Signal Enhancement of Lignocellulosic Materials Development of Quantitative Methods Univariate Calibration Multivariate Calibration Concluding Remarks Acknowledgments

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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in the Pulp and Paper Industry

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) is the combined use of infrared (IR) light, for illuminating a light‐absorbing sample, with an interferometer, for producing an interference pattern from which an absorption spectrum characteristic of the sample is recovered through Fourier transformation. The majority of current IR pulp and paper applications involve the routine characterization of samples that contain variable amounts of water, a very strong IR absorber. Consequently, qualitative IR analysis of pulp and paper samples is best performed with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer because of the larger optical throughput offered by an interferometer over a dispersive spectrometer. Also, an interferometer simultaneously records all IR frequencies present in the spectrum. These two advantages enable one to acquire high‐quality spectra in a few minutes or less. Additionally, since an interferometer accurately determines IR frequencies with the output of a visible‐light laser, quantitative determinations which use multivariate calibration methods such as partial least squares (PLS) are much less prone to instrument drift, and hence more accurate. Liquid and solid samples can be analyzed either neat or suitably diluted in a nonabsorbing matrix, through a variety of sampling techniques such as transmission, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), attenuated total reflectance (ATR), IR microscopy, and photo‐acoustic spectrometry (PAS). Detection limits for quantitative methods vary from 0.01 to 1 percent, depending on the sampling method and the complexity of a sample matrix. However, FTIR spectrometry cannot resolve more than a few components at a time in liquid and solid samples because of the presence of strongly overlapping bands. Therefore, FTIR spectroscopy must often be used in combination with separation techniques such as gas chromatography (GC) or solid‐phase extraction (SPE), especially when a complete analysis of the sample is required.

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Quantitative determination of aluminium soaps in pitch deposits

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Pulp and Paper Matrices

Pulp and Paper Matrices

Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Pulp and Paper Industry

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in the Pulp and Paper Industry

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