Quantitative comparison of the storage protein distribution in glandless and glanded cottonseeds

Abstract

Glanded (Gd) cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) contains scattered gossypol glands. Glandless (Gl) cottonseed is a new type of seed containing only trace levels of gossypol. This work quantitatively compared the content and migration pattern of Gd and Gl protein isolates. Both protein samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis, and the protein gel bands were separated into seven partitions for peptide mass spectroscopic analysis. While multiple peptide fragments (isoformers) of vicilin and legumin proteins were present in both samples, the percentage of vicilins in total seed protein was higher in Gd (74.9%) than in Gl (63.4%). In contrast, legumin proteins were more abundant in Gl (30.4%) than Gd (23.6%).Minor protein components such as lipid-related oleosins and vicilin-like antimicrobial peptides 2-2 were also observed at a relatively higher incidence in Gl compared with Gd, potentially reflecting a need for increased protein-related defense capability in the absence of gossypol against natural predators or adverse growth environment.

Development of the engineered “glanded plant and glandless seed” cotton

“…The seed protein level was stable, and the seed protein content in the transgenic lines was like the non-transgenic control ( Table 1 ). Though, He et al (2022) observed that storage protein was affected by gossypol because that gossypol interacts with the free epsilon-amino groups from lysine and arginine likely promoting the formation of protein aggregates, which make not only the protein hard to extract. So, the distribution pattern and abundance of the storage proteins in the transgenic cottonseeds need to be investigated in future research.…”

“…Cottonseed protein contains a balanced proportion of necessary amino acids and have been widely applied as food additives rich in nutrients ( Zhuge et al, 1988 ) and other added-value products such as coating, adhensives, bioplastics and films, antioxidant fraction etc. ( He et al, 2022 ). As we all know, the presence of toxic gossypol greatly limited cottonseed’s utilization especially for cottonseed protein and meal.…”

Cross-Serological Reaction of Glandless Cottonseed Proteins to Peanut and Tree Nut Allergic IgE

“…While a recent in silico analysis suggest the potential for cottonseed derived protein to be allergenic is low [ 24 ], the data presented here indicate care should be taken utilizing cottonseed protein as human food. Several other conserved plant allergens can be found in cottonseed including 2 S albumins, vicilin-like antimicrobial peptides 2-1/2, phosphoglycerate kinase, and protein disulfide-isomerase [ 4 , 5 , 20 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. In peanuts and tree nuts, the 2 S albumin proteins are potent allergens [ 18 , 19 ].…”

“…The small 2 S albumin proteins belong to the prolamin superfamily, contain a conserved set of cysteine residues, and are commonly cleaved into two subunits [ 18 , 19 ]. These three conserved proteins (legumins, vicilins, and 2 S albumins) have been identified in both Gd and Gl protein preparations [ 4 , 5 ], although the pattern of their distribution is not the same [ 20 ].…”

Identification of Bcl2 as a Stably Expressed qPCR Reference Gene for Human Colon Cancer Cells Treated with Cottonseed-Derived Gossypol and Bioactive Extracts and Bacteria-Derived Lipopolysaccharides

“…It is either glanded or glandless depending on its seed with or without gossypol glands ( Figure 1 A) [ 1 , 2 ]. Cottonseed contains many bioactive molecules including gossypol ( Figure 1 B), quercetin, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, flavonoids, cyclopropenoid fatty acids, and peptides [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Most of these value-added products possess health promotion and disease prevention potentials [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”