Quantitative characterisations of spray deposited liquid films and post-injection discharge on diesel injectors

Sykes, Dan; Turner, J.; Stetsyuk, Viacheslav; Sercey, Guillaume De; Gold, Martin; Pearson, Richard; Crua, Cyril

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119833

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The injection pressure is critical in determining the spray evolution [91][92][93][94][95]. A highinertia effect from high-injection pressure results in high-velocity spray, thus creating better dispersion by forming relatively smaller droplets [53,[96][97][98][99]. Higher-injection pressure could deliver the same amount of fuel relatively faster [100][101][102][103][104].…”

Section: Factors Affecting Spray Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Djamari

Idris²,

Paristiawan³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Research and development in the internal combustion engine (ICE) has been growing progressively. Issues such as air pollution, fuel cost, and market competitiveness have driven the automotive industry to develop and manufacture automobiles that meet new regulation and customers’ needs. The diesel engine has some advantages over the gasoline or spark ignition engine, including higher engine efficiency, greater power output, as well as reliability. Since the early stage of the diesel engine’s development phase, the quest to obtain better atomization, proper fuel supply, and accurate timing control, have triggered numerous innovations. In the last two decades, owing to the development of optical technology, the visualization of spray atomization has been made possible using visual diagnostics techniques. This advancement has greatly improved research in spray evolution. Yet, a more comprehensive understanding related to these aspects has not yet been agreed upon. Diesel spray, in particular, is considered a complicated phenomenon to observe because of its high-speed, high pressure, as well as its high temperature working condition. Nevertheless, several mechanisms have been successfully explained using fundamental studies, providing several suggestions in the area, such as liquid atomization and two-phase spray flow. There are still many aspects that have not yet been agreed upon. This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of theoretical diesel spray and modelling, including some important numerical and experimental aspects.

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Section: Factors Affecting Spray Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Djamari

Idris²,

Paristiawan³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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“…A single component fuel (n-dodecane) was used to provide known and controlled fluid properties [37], and a certified reference fuel (CEC RF-79-07) was used as a pure diesel without additives or biodiesel blending. Fuel delivery was performed by a diesel common rail system composed of a 2 µm filter, high-pressure pump rated at 160 MPa (Bosch CP1H), two pressure sensors (Kistler 4067E on the injector feed; Bosch 51HP02-02 on the rail) and a vacuum venturi used to achieve appropriate depression on the injector return line.…”

Section: Optical Engine and Fuel Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The soot was applied by rotating the nozzle at the bottom of a propane flame to produce a thin, repeatable, homogeneous and controlled coating, while still being representative of the sooted condition normally found inside diesel engines (Figure 4). As discussed in [37], the nozzle surface is significantly wetted by fuel during operation, which was initially expected to remove the thin soot coating. The nozzle was monitored to ascertain the impact that the surface wetting, high in-cylinder gas velocities and thermal expansion/contraction had on the coating.…”

Section: Accounting For Surface Emissivity and Gas Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Speed Infrared Measurement of Injector Tip Temperature during Diesel Engine Operation

et al. 2021

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Pre-catalyst engine emissions and detrimental injector deposits have been widely associated with the near-nozzle fluid dynamics during and after the injection events. Although the heating and evaporation of fuel films on the nozzle surface directly affects some of these processes, there are no experimental data for the transient evolution of nozzle surface temperature during typical engine conditions. In order to address this gap in knowledge, we present a non-intrusive approach for the full-cycle time resolved measurement of the surface temperature of production nozzles in an optical engine. A mid-wave infrared high-speed camera was calibrated against controlled conditions, both out of engine and in-engine to account for non-ideal in surface emissivity and optical transmissivity. A custom-modified injector with a thermocouple embedded below the nozzle surface was used to validate the approach under running engine conditions. Calibrated infrared thermography was then applied to characterise the nozzle temperature at 1200 frames per second, during motored and fired engine operation, thus revealing for the first time the effect of transient operating conditions on the temperature of the injector nozzle’s surface.

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“…The fluid dynamic processes post-injection for diesel injectors are now well defined into several phases. These stages contribute to fuel film formation and subsequent, carbon deposits formation [8,9]. The quantity of fuel deposited on the nozzle surface is also highly dependant on the fuel temperature due to the significant effect that temperature has on surface tension, and viscosity [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Speed Thermographic Analysis of Diesel Injector Nozzle Tip Temperature

Gander¹,

Crua²,

Sykes³

et al. 2022

SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility

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The temperature of fuel injectors can affect the flow inside nozzles and the subsequent spray and liquid films on the injector tips. These processes are known to impact fuel mixing, combustion and the formation of deposits that can cause engines to go off calibration. However, there is a lack of experimental data for the transient evolution of nozzle temperature throughout engine cycles and the effect of operating conditions on injector tip temperature. Although some measurements of engine surface temperature exist, they have relatively low temporal resolutions and cannot be applied to production injectors due to the requirement for a specialist coating which can interfere with the orifice geometry. To address this knowledge gap, we have developed a high-speed infrared imaging approach to measure the temperature of the nozzle surface inside an optical diesel engine. We investigated ways of increasing the emissivity of the nozzle surface with minimal intrusion by applying thin carbon coatings. We compare our measurements with those from a production injector that was instrumented with internal thermocouples. Our steady-state off-engine investigation showed that nozzle surface temperature measured by infrared imaging could yield data at 1200 fps with uncertainties of +20 K to -1 K compared to simultaneous thermocouple measurements. We applied this approach to an optical diesel engine to investigate the effect of injection duration and increased swirl ratio on injector nozzle temperature and surface homogeneity.

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Quantitative characterisations of spray deposited liquid films and post-injection discharge on diesel injectors

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

High-Speed Infrared Measurement of Injector Tip Temperature during Diesel Engine Operation

High-Speed Thermographic Analysis of Diesel Injector Nozzle Tip Temperature

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