Quantitative Caloric Energy Distribution and Variations in Two Rice Varieties Related to Different Nitrogen Application Levels in Paddy Field

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. of China in 1999 to investigate the quantitative caloric energy characteristics of two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), early crop rice Jia yu 948 and late crop rice Jia yu 93390 were grown in different nitrogen levels and climate conditions. The two cultivars were grown with 0, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg ha À1 of nitrogen fertilizer and in ample water and farming management activities. Analysis of caloric energy showed that significant differences occurred among treatments and plant organs in both rice cultivars. However, no significant differences occurred among same organs under different nitrogen treatments in both cultivars except for the panicles. The mean caloric energy of both cultivars increased with nitrogen fertilizer application. However, no optimal level of nitrogen fertilizer treatment with caloric energy was established, as there was still an increase in caloric energy even at 200 kg N ha À1 fertilizer treatment. Cultivar Jia yu 948 had a higher mean caloric energy of 4172 cal g À1 compared to 4117 cal g À1 of cultivar Jia yu 93390. There were significant differences in caloric energy among the plant organs. The ascending order of energy distribution was as follows; root, stem, husk, leaf, grains, and panicles. Of great interest is the relatively high amount of energy invested in the husks. This amount was similar to that of the leaf. There was a linear relationship between caloric energy and nitrogen application levels. The basic rice caloric values are 4058 cal g À1 , an increase in 1 kg N ha À1 of nitrogen (pure) resulted in an increase of 0.41 cal g À1 and 0.29 cal g À1 of dry weight in the cultivar Jia yu 948 and cultivar Jia yu 93390 respectively. Thus Jia yu 948 had a better utilization efficiency of nitrogen nutrient than Jia yu 93390 considering the caloric value increase.

Genotypic variation of iron partitioning in rice grain

“…The relative sink size of the husk varied among the cultivars. Husk was found to contain much more caloric energy which supports grain development, compared with the caryopsis 23. The high caloric energy is the product of photosynthesis which requires Fe as the electron transporter in this system 24.…”

Caloric content of leaves of five tree species from the riparian vegetation in a forest fragment from South Brazil

“…Caloric content differed between pairs of species with exception of N. cuspidata and C. brasiliensis. Yang et al (2003) reported that caloric values varies among plant species and within species in different environments, due to chemical composition of the organic substances (Lin et al, 2007). It is noteworthy that plants that grow better and can achieve higher biomass presents higher caloric content (Yajing et al, 2007).Major caloric content was recorded for Nectandra cuspidata (17.8 KJ.g -1 to 23.7 KJ.g -1 dry weight).…”

Impact of Applied Nitrogen Concentration on Growth of Elatior Begonia and New Guinea Impatiens and Susceptibility of Begonia to Botrytis cinerea

“…ENERGY MEASUREMENT. Caloric values were measured according to the method described by Long (1934) and Yang et al (2003). Oven-dried ground tissue samples of 1 g or less were used.…”