Quantitative Autoradiographic Mapping of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis with a Radiolabeled Antiviral Drug

Saito, Yutaka; Price, Richard W.; Rottenberg, David A.; Fox, Jack J.; Su, Te‐Jen; Watanabe, Kyoichi A.; Philips, Frederick S.

doi:10.1126/science.7112121

Cited by 86 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Encephalitis caused by HSV infection in rat brain could be monitored quantitatively using 14 C-FMAU and autoradiographic mapping (110). To evaluate the efficiency of molecular therapies with oncolytic HSV treatment in cancer, PET with 124 I-FIAU was applied for determination of distribution and magnitude of viral infections (111,112).…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-Genetic Imaging Based on Reporter Gene Expression

Kang¹,

Chung²

2008

J Nucl Med

206

178

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Molecular imaging includes proteomic, metabolic, cellular biologic process, and genetic imaging. In a narrow sense, molecular imaging means genetic imaging and can be called moleculargenetic imaging. Imaging reporter genes play a leading role in molecular-genetic imaging. There are 3 major methods of molecular-genetic imaging, based on optical, MRI, and nuclear medicine modalities. For each of these modalities, various reporter genes and probes have been developed, and these have resulted in successful transitions from bench to bedside applications. Each of these imaging modalities has its unique advantages and disadvantages. Fluorescent and bioluminescent optical imaging modalities are simple, less expensive, more convenient, and more user friendly than other imaging modalities. Another advantage, especially of bioluminescence imaging, is its ability to detect low levels of gene expression. MRI has the advantage of high spatial resolution, whereas nuclear medicine methods are highly sensitive and allow data from small-animal imaging studies to be translated to clinical practice. Moreover, multimodality imaging reporter genes will allow us to choose the imaging technologies that are most appropriate for the biologic problem at hand and facilitate the clinical application of reporter gene technologies. Reporter genes can be used to visualize the levels of expression of particular exogenous and endogenous genes and several intracellular biologic phenomena, including specific signal transduction pathways, nuclear receptor activities, and protein-protein interactions. This technique provides a straightforward means of monitoring tumor mass and can visualize the in vivo distributions of target cells, such as immune cells and stem cells. Molecular imaging has gradually evolved into an important tool for drug discovery and development, and transgenic mice with an imaging reporter gene can be useful during drug and stem cell therapy development. Moreover, instrumentation improvements, the identification of novel targets and genes, and imaging probe developments suggest that molecular-genetic imaging is likely to play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.

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Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular-Genetic Imaging Based on Reporter Gene Expression

Kang¹,

Chung²

2008

J Nucl Med

206

178

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“…Nuclear imaging techniques are unique in providing the higher sensitivity with moderate spatial resolution required to evaluate gene expression via its protein product, which may be an enzyme leading to specific trapping of radiolabeled marker substrate 4,5 or a receptor leading to binding of radiolabeled receptor ligands. 6 Both …”

Section: Nuclear Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular imaging of gene therapy for cancer

Jacobs²,

et al. 2004

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“…2A). FIAU had been previously radiolabeled for imaging viral infections [39]. After in vitro determinations of HSV1-TK sensitivity and selectivity for FIAU, this compound was proved to have good imaging potential.…”

Section: Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Thymidine Kinase Gene As a Therapeutimentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive molecular imaging and reporter genes

et al. 2006

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Molecular-genetic imaging in living organisms has become a new field with the exceptional growth over the past 5 years. Modern imaging is based on three technologies: nuclear, magnetic resonance and optical imaging. Most current molecular-genetic imaging strategies are "indirect," coupling a "reporter gene" with a complimentary "reporter probe." The reporter transgene usually encodes for an enzyme, receptor or transporter that selectively interacts with a radiolabeled probe and results in accumulation of radioactivity in the transduced cell. In addition, reporter systems based on the expression of fluorescence or bioluminescence proteins are becoming more widely applied in small animal imaging. This review begins with a description of Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-based imaging genes and their complimentary radiolabeled probes that we think will be the first to enter clinical trials. Then we describe other imaging genes, mostly for optical imaging, which have been developed by investigators working with a variety of disease models in mice. Such optical reporters are unlikely to enter the clinic, at least not in the near-term. Reporter gene constructs can be driven by constitutive promoter elements and used to monitor gene therapy vectors and the efficacy of gene targeting and transduction, as well as to monitor adoptive cell-based therapies. Inducible promoters can be used as "sensors" to monitor endogenous cell processes, including specific intracellular molecular-genetic events and the activity of signaling pathways, by regulating the magnitude of reporter gene expression.

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Quantitative Autoradiographic Mapping of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis with a Radiolabeled Antiviral Drug

Cited by 86 publications

References 16 publications

Molecular-Genetic Imaging Based on Reporter Gene Expression

Molecular-Genetic Imaging Based on Reporter Gene Expression

Molecular imaging of gene therapy for cancer

Non-invasive molecular imaging and reporter genes

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