Quantitative Assessment of a Corona Discharge Ion Source in Atmospheric Pressure Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Air Monitoring

Eiceman, Gary A.; Kremer, Johannes H.; Snyder, A. Peter; Tofferi, J. K.

doi:10.1080/03067318808081669

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[12,42] This important drawback was tentatively explained by the respective proton affinities of the analytes, different reaction rates related to molecular weight values and dissimilar response intensities due to differing fragmentation patterns [12] together with the probable depletion of reactant ions in the APCI source during ionization as their humidity-dependent production is not controlled. [43] However we have found recently that these alleged competitions were largely dependent on sampling conditions, [28] and in vitro and in vivo experiments using concentrations of volatiles commonly used in foodstuffs have been found free of any significant selective signal suppression, [28] confirming earlier observations. [1] Nevertheless, as suggested by Taylor et al, [1] given this potential drawback, preliminary tests are advisable to ensure the validity of quantitative data obtained by APCI-MS under specific operating conditions.…”

Section: Linearity Lod and Loqsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Quantitative aspects were questioned for APCI systems due to possible ionization competition conducting to partial signal suppression when mixtures of volatiles are analysed . This important drawback was tentatively explained by the respective proton affinities of the analytes, different reaction rates related to molecular weight values and dissimilar response intensities due to differing fragmentation patterns together with the probable depletion of reactant ions in the APCI source during ionization as their humidity‐dependent production is not controlled . However we have found recently that these alleged competitions were largely dependent on sampling conditions, and in vitro and in vivo experiments using concentrations of volatiles commonly used in foodstuffs have been found free of any significant selective signal suppression, confirming earlier observations .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–ion‐trap mass spectrometer for the on‐line analysis of volatile compounds in foods: a tool for linking aroma release to aroma perception

2014

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An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion-trap mass spectrometer was set up for the on-line analysis of aroma compounds. This instrument, which has been successfully employed for some years in several in vitro and in vivo flavour release studies, is described for the first time in detail. The ion source was fashioned from polyether ether ketone and operated at ambient pressure and temperature making use of a discharge corona pin facing coaxially the capillary ion entrance of the ion-trap mass spectrometer. Linear dynamic ranges (LDR), limits of detection (LOD) and other analytical characteristics have been re-evaluated. LDRs and LODs have been found fully compatible with the concentrations of aroma compounds commonly found in foods. Thus, detection limits have been found in the low ppt range for common flavouring aroma compounds (for example 5.3 ppt (0.82 ppbV) for ethyl hexanoate and 4.8 ppt (1.0 ppbV) for 2,5-dimethylpyrazine). This makes the instrument applicable for in vitro and in vivo aroma release investigations. The use of dynamic sensory techniques such as the temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) method conducted simultaneously with in vivo aroma release measurements allowed to get some new insights in the link between flavour release and flavour perception.

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Section: Linearity Lod and Loqsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–ion‐trap mass spectrometer for the on‐line analysis of volatile compounds in foods: a tool for linking aroma release to aroma perception

2014

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“…Therefore, the interest in nonradioactive alternatives has grown in recent years. Possible alternatives are, e.g., UV photo ionization lamps, 3,4 corona discharge, [5][6][7] X-ray sources, 8 or nonradioactive electron sources. 9,10 Unfortunately, the generated spectra by UV-photoionization and corona discharge differ from the spectra of a radioactive electron source, so they are not comparable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shutterless ion mobility spectrometer with fast pulsed electron source

Bunert

Heptner

Reinecke

et al. 2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) are devices for fast and very sensitive trace gas analysis. The measuring principle is based on an initial ionization process of the target analyte. Most IMS employ radioactive electron sources, such as Ni orH. These radioactive materials have the disadvantage of legal restrictions and the electron emission has a predetermined intensity and cannot be controlled or disabled. In this work, we replaced the H source of our IMS with 100 mm drift tube length with our nonradioactive electron source, which generates comparable spectra to theH source. An advantage of our emission current controlled nonradioactive electron source is that it can operate in a fast pulsed mode with high electron intensities. By optimizing the geometric parameters and developing fast control electronics, we can achieve very short electron emission pulses for ionization with high intensities and an adjustable pulse width of down to a few nanoseconds. This results in small ion packets at simultaneously high ion densities, which are subsequently separated in the drift tube. Normally, the required small ion packet is generated by a complex ion shutter mechanism. By omitting the additional reaction chamber, the ion packet can be generated directly at the beginning of the drift tube by our pulsed nonradioactive electron source with only slight reduction in resolving power. Thus, the complex and costly shutter mechanism and its electronics can also be omitted, which leads to a simple low-cost IMS-system with a pulsed nonradioactive electron source and a resolving power of 90.

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“…Furthermore, the constant radiation with predefined intensity of radioactive ionization sources is disadvantageous, especially as it cannot be shut off. However, there are non-radioactive alternatives with variable intensity described in literature, e.g., using a UV photo ionization lamp, 9,10 a corona discharge, [11][12][13][14][15] a micro plasma, 16 or nonradioactive electron emitters. 17 Unfortunately, additionally to the reduced sensitivity when using UV ionization, the spectra gained from UV-photoionization and corona discharge differ from the spectra produced with a radioactive ionization sources, so they are not comparable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact high-resolution X-ray ion mobility spectrometer

Reinecke

Kirk

Heptner

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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For the ionization of gaseous samples, most ion mobility spectrometers employ radioactive ionization sources, e.g., containing (63)Ni or (3)H. Besides legal restrictions, radioactive materials have the disadvantage of a constant radiation with predetermined intensity. In this work, we replaced the (3)H source of our previously described high-resolution ion mobility spectrometer with 75 mm drift tube length with a commercially available X-ray source. It is shown that the current configuration maintains the resolving power of R = 100 which was reported for the original setup containing a (3)H source. The main advantage of an X-ray source is that the intensity of the radiation can be adjusted by varying its operating parameters, i.e., filament current and acceleration voltage. At the expense of reduced resolving power, the sensitivity of the setup can be increased by increasing the activity of the source. Therefore, the performance of the setup can be adjusted to the specific requirements of any application. To investigate the relation between operating parameters of the X-Ray source and the performance of the ion mobility spectrometer, parametric studies of filament current and acceleration voltage are performed and the influence on resolving power, peak height, and noise is analyzed.

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Quantitative Assessment of a Corona Discharge Ion Source in Atmospheric Pressure Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Ambient Air Monitoring

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–ion‐trap mass spectrometer for the on‐line analysis of volatile compounds in foods: a tool for linking aroma release to aroma perception

An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–ion‐trap mass spectrometer for the on‐line analysis of volatile compounds in foods: a tool for linking aroma release to aroma perception

Shutterless ion mobility spectrometer with fast pulsed electron source

A compact high-resolution X-ray ion mobility spectrometer

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