Quantitative and time-resolved detection of lithium plating on graphite anodes in lithium ion batteries

Wandt, Johannes; Jakes, Peter; Granwehr, Josef; Eichel, Rüdiger‐A.; Gasteiger, Hubert A.

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2017.11.001

Cited by 176 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

144

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…And as Li + intercalation is replaced by Li plating, issues such as dendrite growth become more pronounced, leading to increased impedance and more importantly, potential safety hazards due to internal short circuiting. To avoid this, the limits of charging currents and the state of charge need to be established to maintain polarization in optimal ranges [106]. However, large polarizations also need to be adopted to minimize charging durations to meet industrial application demands.…”

Section: Graphite Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy can also be applied to NMC materials such as NMC622 to investigate the effects of doping with Al and Fe on cation mixing in which the change of the Ni 2+ line indicates the redistribution of Ni within the structure. Hubert Gasteiger's group have also demonstrated Li plating onto graphite anodes quantitatively and in real time by using operando EPR [106] quantified the amount of Li-ions not available for future cycling. Despite these uses, EPR cannot provide more detailed structural information, which requires other physical characterization methods [131].…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Nickel-Rich NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

444

374

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high mass-specific capacities, high rate capabilities and long-term cyclabilities is driving the research and development of LIBs with nickel-rich NMC (LiNi x Mn y Co 1−x−y O 2 , x ⩾ 0.5 ) cathodes and graphite (Li x C 6 ) anodes. Based on this, this review will summarize recently reported and widely recognized studies of the degradation mechanisms of Ni-rich NMC cathodes and graphite anodes. And with a broad collection of proposed mechanisms on both atomic and micrometer scales, this review can supplement previous degradation studies of Ni-rich NMC batteries. In addition, this review will categorize advanced mitigation strategies for both electrodes based on different modifications in which Ni-rich NMC cathode improvement strategies involve dopants, gradient layers, surface coatings, carbon matrixes and advanced synthesis methods, whereas graphite anode improvement strategies involve surface coatings, charge/discharge protocols and electrolyte volume estimations. Electrolyte components that can facilitate the stabilization of anodic solid electrolyte interfaces are also reviewed, and trade-offs between modification techniques as well as controversies are discussed for a deeper understanding of the mitigation strategies of Ni-rich NMC/graphite LIBs. Furthermore, this review will present various physical and electrochemical diagnostic tools that are vital in the elucidation of degradation mechanisms during operation to supplement future degradation studies. Finally, this review will summarize current research focuses and propose future research directions.

show abstract

Section: Graphite Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Nickel-Rich NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Yuan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

444

374

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Special attention should be paid to proper in situ cell design because multiple factors, including quality of materials, cell geometry, temperature, and the cell's SOC, can influence the Li plating phenomenon. Minimization of the metallic components of the cell, such as the substitution of foil current collectors with mesh or wire collectors, is a typical approach to in situ NMR cell design for reducing field distortions [66,72,73]. However, such alterations of standard battery materials can generate a non-uniform electric current distribution through electrodes and can stimulate additional Li plating, thereby decreasing the relevance of the obtained results for battery manufacturers.…”

Section: Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Magnetic Resonance Techniques to the In Situ Characterization of Li-Ion Batteries: A Review

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In situ magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, such as nuclear MR and MR imaging, have recently gained significant attention in the battery community because of their ability to provide real-time quantitative information regarding material chemistry, ion distribution, mass transport, and microstructure formation inside an operating electrochemical cell. MR techniques are non-invasive and non-destructive, and they can be applied to both liquid and solid (crystalline, disordered, or amorphous) samples. Additionally, MR equipment is available at most universities and research and development centers, making MR techniques easily accessible for scientists worldwide. In this review, we will discuss recent research results in the field of in situ MR for the characterization of Li-ion batteries with a particular focus on experimental setups, such as pulse sequence programming and cell design, for overcoming the complications associated with the heterogeneous nature of energy storage devices. A comprehensive approach combining proper hardware and software will allow researchers to collect reliable high-quality data meeting industrial standards.

show abstract

“…As a result, only few papers have been addressing operando EPR analysis of battery cells to date [3][4][5][6][7] and, to the authors' knowledge, the impact of the current collectors on the quality of the measurement has never been assessed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Current Collector Design for Operando X-Band-EPR Investigations of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Numerical Simulations

Flammia

Mester

Niemöller

et al. 2018

2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monitoring the operation of lithium-ion batteries using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a powerful tool for gaining a better understanding of the redox processes and degradation mechanisms in anode and cathode materials. For this purpose, a complete operational cell, including current collectors, must be placed into the region of maximum magnetic field and minimum electric field of the specific resonance mode established in the EPR cavity. The homogeneity of the microwave (MW) magnetic field in the measurement region is essential to perform accurate quantitative measurements. Furthermore, the samples, the current collectors, and the dielectric holders should be confined within a region with negligible electrical field, to prevent unwanted power dissipation and to avoid a reduction of the cavity quality factor. Current collectors represent a major problem in the EPR characterization of battery cells, as the introduction of conducting elements into the resonator affects the electromagnetic field distribution, thus altering the EPR spectra, or prevents their acquisition altogether. Furthermore, the collectors should not excessively cover the battery surface, as this would shield the MW field at the position occupied by the active materials in the cell. On the other hand, they should be evenly distributed over the surface of the cell to prevent the establishment of transversal electrical gradients and guarantee a homogenous development of electrochemical processes. In this paper, we discuss the simulation results for various circular current collector geometries with a diameter of 7 mm, suitable for operando X-band-EPR measurements of battery cells in a Bruker Elexsys E540 spectrometer. A commercial 4108 TMHS cylindrical resonator is operated using the TM110 mode in order to excite and monitor the EPR resonances. The designs take into account practical manufacturability considerations: The collectors are specifically engineered to be easily integrated into the assembly, using 2018 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium -Toyama substrates which are EPR silent and chemically inert against the battery materials. 1.

show abstract

Quantitative and time-resolved detection of lithium plating on graphite anodes in lithium ion batteries

Cited by 176 publications

References 50 publications

Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Nickel-Rich NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Degradation Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies of Nickel-Rich NMC-Based Lithium-Ion Batteries

Application of Magnetic Resonance Techniques to the In Situ Characterization of Li-Ion Batteries: A Review

Optimization of Current Collector Design for Operando X-Band-EPR Investigations of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Numerical Simulations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About